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Exercise Physiology > Energy Sources > Flashcards

Energy Sources Flashcards

1
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do the work

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2
Q

kCalorie

A

Heat necessary to raise the

Temperature of 1 kg of water 1 deg C (if it is just calorie= 1 g of water 1 deg C)

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3
Q

Work

A

force x distance

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4
Q

What is energy needed for?

A
  1. Mechanical Movements
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. Storage of fuels
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5
Q

Carbohydrate

A

4kcal/gram

60%of calories

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6
Q

Fat

A

9kcal/gram

20% of calories

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7
Q

Protein

A

4kcal/gram

10-15% of calories

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8
Q

Six Categories of Nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, lipids,

Proteins, vitamins, mineral, and water

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9
Q

Forms of energy

A

Chemical
Electrical (signals)
Heat (muscle contraction)
Mechanical (body moves)

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10
Q

Forms of carbohydrates:

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides:

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11
Q

Polysaccharides:

A

starch, cellulose, glycogen

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12
Q

Disaccharides

A

maltose, sucrose

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13
Q

Monosaccharides

A

glucose and fructose

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14
Q

Glycogenesis

A

formation of glycogen from glucose

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15
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

breaking down of glycogen into glucose

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16
Q

2 fats important for metabolism

A

fatty acid

triglyceride

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17
Q

Role of Lipid in the body

A

Energy source and reserve
Protection of vital organs
Thermal insulation
Vitamin carrier

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18
Q

Essential amino acids (9)

A

Must be ingested in food; cannot be synthesized

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19
Q

Nonessential amino acids

A

Can be synthesized by body

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20
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

breaking down of substrate into molecules

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21
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

forming of product from molecules

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22
Q

Aerobic Metabolism

A

Oxygen required

Generates energy, CO2, & water

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23
Q

When is aerobic metabolism used?

A

Most commonly involves carbohydrate & fat (60/40)

Used at rest & during long-duration, lower intensity activity

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24
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism

A

No oxygen required

Generates energy, CO2, & lactic acid

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25
Q

When in anaerobic metabolism used?

A

Major energy source during high-intensity, short-duration activity
Examples: sprinting & weight lifting

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26
Q

Energy source of anaerobic metabolism?

A

carbs

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27
Q

ATP-PC System

A

Energy source for activities requiring much energy per second
Examples: sprinting, lifting a heavy weight
Can only provide energy for short time
Only small amount of ATP in cells; must be replenished quickly

28
Q

Blood glucose in liver:

A

100 grams

29
Q

Blood glucose in muscle:

A

350 grams

30
Q

Rate limiting enzyme in break down of glycogen?

A

PFK (glucose to pyruvic acid)

LDH (pyruvic acid to lactic acid)

31
Q

Where does anaerobic glycolysis take place?

A

cytoplasm

32
Q

Where does aerobic metabolism take place?

A

mitochondria

33
Q

Where are enzymes located?

A

cristae (inward folds and convolutions)

34
Q

What is pyruvic acid broken down into?

A

2 carbon acetyl group. (Acetyl Co-A)

35
Q

What does the Krebs’s cycle do?

A

removal of H atoms

36
Q

How many ATP are produced in the Krebs’s cycle?

A

36

37
Q

Break down of lipids:

A

beta oxidation

38
Q

What part of the lipid is used in glycolysis?

A

glycerol

39
Q

Break down of protein?

A

deamination

40
Q

Fastest system?

A

ATP-PC system

41
Q

Slowest system?

A

aerobic

42
Q

Power for ATP-PC system?

A

3.6

43
Q

Power for anaerobic glycolysis?

A

1.6

44
Q

Power for aerobic?

A

1.0

45
Q

Lactic acid during rest?

A

500mg (10mg/dl of blood)

46
Q

Resting metabolic rate

A

3.5ml of O2/kg/min

47
Q

1 liter of oxygen consumption produces :

A

5 Kcal of energy

48
Q

RQ for glucose/carbs

A

1

49
Q

RQ for fat

A

0.7

50
Q

RQ for protein

A

0.8

51
Q

RQ is

A

V carbon dioxide/V of oxygen

52
Q

Work and oxygen

A

1kgm=1.8 ml of oxygen

53
Q

Oxygen debt

A

oxygen taken in above resting values after exercise

54
Q

Steady-state:

A

all energy needed is provided by aerobic metabolism; constant level of work (debt not felt)

55
Q

Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA):

A

exercise intensity at which a specific blood lactic acid concentration occurs

56
Q

Lactate threshold in untrained:

A

occurs at 50% to 60% of max oxygen consumption

57
Q

Lactate threshold in trained:

A

65% to 80% of max oxygen consumption

58
Q

What is hitting the wall and what does it trigger?

A

Depletion of glycogen stores

increase in fat metabolism

59
Q

At rest, what is ATP derived from?

A

33% of ATP is derived from carbs & 66% from fat

60
Q

What is the body’s lactic acid tolerance?

A

60-70g

61
Q

How much lactic acid does glucose break down into?

A

180 g

62
Q

Max VO2

A

as the maximal rate at which oxygen can be consumed.

63
Q

MET

A

A minimum level of energy required to sustain the body’s vital functions in the resting state

64
Q

Determinants of oxygen uptake

A 
Pulmonary ventilation
Diffusion of oxygen 
Cardiac performance
Skeletal vascular bed
Extraction of oxygen by contracting skeletal muscle
65
Q

How much does VO2 max decline per decade after the age of 25?

A

9%

Exercise Physiology (6 decks)

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