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Exercise Physiology > Body Composition > Flashcards

Body Composition Flashcards

1
Q

Fat mass (FM):

A

total mass of all fat in body

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2
Q

Fat-free mass (FFM):

A

total mass of all non-fat tissues in body

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3
Q

Percent body fat (% fat):

A

ratio of TBM to total FM

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4
Q

Overweight: BMI

A

25.0 to 29.9

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5
Q

Obese: BMI

A

≥30

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6
Q

Diseases Associated With Obesity

A 
Cardiovascular disease & atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Negative effects on blood lipid profile
Type 2 diabetes
Sleep apnea
Osteoarthritis
Complication in pregnancy & surgery
Cancer (uterine, kidney, colorectal, esophageal)
Gallbladder disease
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7
Q

Causes of Obesity

A

Ingesting more calories than are expended (overeating)
Genetics (inability to produce leptin)
Alterations in appetite control
Physical inactivity

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8
Q

Cultural factors of obesity:

A

Abundance of high-calorie, high-fat food readily available

Large portion sizes

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9
Q

Any correlation between body composition & physical performance task depends on

A

Measure of body composition

Physical performance task examined

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10
Q

Anthropometry

A

measurement & study of body size

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11
Q

Body size refers to

A 
Total body mass
Height or stature
Body circumferences
Bone breadths
Limb lengths
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12
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

Ratio of body mass divided by height

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13
Q

What is BMI used as a general indicator of:

A

Obesity
Severe underweight status
% fat

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14
Q

Underweight BMI:

A

less than 18.5

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15
Q

Normal BMI

A

18.5-24.5

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16
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

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17
Q

Obesity class I

A

30-34.9

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18
Q

Obesity class II

A

35.0-39.9

19
Q

Obesity class III

A

greater than 40

20
Q

Energy Balance

A

Ratio of caloric ingestion to caloric expenditure

21
Q

If caloric expenditure is greater than caloric ingestion=

A

loss in body mass

22
Q

If caloric expenditure is less then caloric ingestion=

A

gain in body mass

23
Q

What does total caloric expenditure equal?

A

resting metabolic rate (RMR) + caloric expenditure of physical activity

24
Q

Dieting and Weight Loss Guidelines

A 
Drink sufficient water
Make sensible fat choices
Minimize empty calories
Do not reduce calories too drastically
Keep portions small
25
Q

Female Athlete Triad

A

Syndrome consisting of 3 interrelated conditions affecting female athletes & active women

26
Q

What composes the female athlete triad:

A

Menstrual cycle irregularities
Osteoporosis
Eating disorders: anorexia nervosa & bulimia nervosa

27
Q

Work=

A

force × distance

28
Q

Unit of measurement for work

A

joule (J)
1 Newton (N) of force over 1 meter
Kilopond (Kp)
Kilogram-meter (kgm

29
Q

Power

A

rate at which work is performed

force × distance/time (velocity)

30
Q

Units of measurement for power:

A

watts (W)

1 W = 1 J/s

31
Q

Min. VO2max needed for living

A

13 mL·kg·min-1

32
Q

Continuous

A

intensity is increased in stages with no breaks

33
Q

Discontinuous

A

intensity is increased in stages with breaks

34
Q

Types of protocols in order of decreasing VO2max:

A

Graded running test
Running test at 0% grade
Walking test

35
Q

Balke test

A

initial low workload w. gradual increase

36
Q

Bruce protocol

A

speed & grade are changed every 3 min

37
Q

HR has general linear relationship to

A

Mechanical power output
Workload
Exercise intensity

38
Q

Test Termination Criteria

A

Angina or chest pain indicating myocardial ischemia
Abnormal blood pressure response
Abnormal ECG response
Discomfort or pain in extremities indicating intermittent claudication
Dyspnea, or difficulty in breathing
Dizziness or syncope

39
Q

20-meter shuttle run test

A

Run back & forth btw 2 lines 20 m apart at increasing velocities until volitional fatigue

40
Q

Cause of excessive rate of lactate release

A

Greater reliance on carbohydrate instead of lipid metabolism
Recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers
Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system

41
Q

Wingate test

A

30-second sprint test on cycle ergometer

42
Q

Margaria step test

A

running up staircase as fast as possible

43
Q

Anaerobic treadmill test:

A

running at 20% grade & 8 mi·hr-1

44
Q

Factors Affecting Anaerobic Power and Speed Tests

A 
Motivation to perform at one’s best
Skill at performing movements
Degree of coordination
Muscle-fiber-type composition
Body composition

Exercise Physiology (6 decks)

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