physical science chapter 25.3 and 26.1 Flashcards
What is the boundary that marks the density change between layers
discontinuities
How can discontinuities be identified
by using seismic waves
What is a shadow zone?
no seismic waves have been recorded
What is another term for shadow zone
dead zone
What are the degrees shadow zones fall between
105-140
Is the outer core a solid or liquid
liquid
Is the inner core a solid or liquid? Why?
Solid because of pressure
What makes up the lithosphere
The crust and the uppermost mantle
plastic like layer which earth moves on
asthenosphere
What elements make up the mantle
calcium, aluminium, iron, and magnesium
Which elements make up the core
irion and nickel
the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow
viscosity
the chemical compound silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is common ingredient in most magma
silica
tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles
cinder cone volcanoes
broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows
shield volcanoes
large and steep-sided often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash
composite volcanoes
What is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth from
magma
where is the ring of fire located
pacific ocean
what forms when tectonic plates collide along subduction zones
volcanoes
Which 2 specif locations have volcano activity due to divergent
East African rift valley
mid Atlantic ridge
Are hot spots stationary
yes
What are created from hot spots
Hawaiian islands
Hawaiian islands
kauai oahu molkai maui hawaii
if a viscosity is higher is it going to flow slower or faster
slower
if magma has a high viscosity is it going to have more or less silica
less
what is pyroclastic material
any solid material that erupts from a volcano
what is the smallest type of pyroclastic material
ash
what is the biggest type of pyroclastic material
blocks and bombs
what are the gasses that come from volcanoes
water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide
how are volcanoes classified
according to their size, shape, and materials that erupt from them
what are the 3 types of volcanoes
cinder cone, sheild, composite
A mineral is
naturally occuring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form
What are the two most abundent elements that make up earths crust
silicon and oxygen
What does inorganic mean
a materials that is nonliving
what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral
how hard it is, how it breaks, what crystal shape it has
what are all the ways to identify mineral
hardness luster streak fracture atomic arrangement crystal shape cleavage
what are the two types of luster
metallic
nonmetallic
how does metallic luster reflect light
reflects it very easily
like chrome on a car
how does nonmetallic luster reflect light
not as easily
appears earthy or waxy
how do you perform a streak test
rubbing mineral on unglazed white porcelain tile
what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals
cleavage and fracture
what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral
mohs scale of hardness
what is the number range on Mohs Scale of hardness
1-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there
6
minerals grow from the
inside in and grows out
what are the 3 ways minerals can form
water, magma, exaporation
what are the two mineral groups
silicates and nonsilicates
which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust
silicate minerals
what elements are silicates made up of
silicone and oxygen
a naturally occuring inorganic solid with a crystalline form
mineral
color of the mineral in powered form
streak
a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parrel sides
cleavage
minerals that break with irregular surface exhibit
fracture
physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching
hardness
molten rock material inside earth
magma
nonstilicates do not contain what element
what mineral is used to make glass
quartz
