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physical science > physical science chapter 25.3 and 26.1 > Flashcards

physical science chapter 25.3 and 26.1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the boundary that marks the density change between layers

A

discontinuities

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2
Q

How can discontinuities be identified

A

by using seismic waves

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3
Q

What is a shadow zone?

A

no seismic waves have been recorded

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4
Q

What is another term for shadow zone

A

dead zone

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5
Q

What are the degrees shadow zones fall between

A

105-140

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6
Q

Is the outer core a solid or liquid

A

liquid

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7
Q

Is the inner core a solid or liquid? Why?

A

Solid because of pressure

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8
Q

What makes up the lithosphere

A

The crust and the uppermost mantle

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9
Q

plastic like layer which earth moves on

A

asthenosphere

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10
Q

What elements make up the mantle

A

calcium, aluminium, iron, and magnesium

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11
Q

Which elements make up the core

A

irion and nickel

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12
Q

the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

A

viscosity

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13
Q

the chemical compound silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is common ingredient in most magma

A

silica

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14
Q

tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles

A

cinder cone volcanoes

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15
Q

broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

A

shield volcanoes

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16
Q

large and steep-sided often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash

A

composite volcanoes

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17
Q

What is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth from

A

magma

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18
Q

where is the ring of fire located

A

pacific ocean

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19
Q

what forms when tectonic plates collide along subduction zones

A

volcanoes

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20
Q

Which 2 specif locations have volcano activity due to divergent

A

East African rift valley

mid Atlantic ridge

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21
Q

Are hot spots stationary

A

yes

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22
Q

What are created from hot spots

A

Hawaiian islands

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23
Q

Hawaiian islands

A 
kauai
oahu
molkai
maui
hawaii
24
Q

if a viscosity is higher is it going to flow slower or faster

A

slower

25
Q

if magma has a high viscosity is it going to have more or less silica

A

less

26
Q

what is pyroclastic material

A

any solid material that erupts from a volcano

27
Q

what is the smallest type of pyroclastic material

A

ash

28
Q

what is the biggest type of pyroclastic material

A

blocks and bombs

29
Q

what are the gasses that come from volcanoes

A

water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide

30
Q

how are volcanoes classified

A

according to their size, shape, and materials that erupt from them

31
Q

what are the 3 types of volcanoes

A

cinder cone, sheild, composite

32
Q

A mineral is

A

naturally occuring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

33
Q

What are the two most abundent elements that make up earths crust

A

silicon and oxygen

34
Q

What does inorganic mean

A

a materials that is nonliving

35
Q

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral

A

how hard it is, how it breaks, what crystal shape it has

36
Q

what are all the ways to identify mineral

A 
hardness
luster
streak
fracture
atomic arrangement
crystal shape
cleavage
37
Q

what are the two types of luster

A

metallic

nonmetallic

38
Q

how does metallic luster reflect light

A

reflects it very easily

like chrome on a car

39
Q

how does nonmetallic luster reflect light

A

not as easily

appears earthy or waxy

40
Q

how do you perform a streak test

A

rubbing mineral on unglazed white porcelain tile

41
Q

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

A

cleavage and fracture

42
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral

A

mohs scale of hardness

43
Q

what is the number range on Mohs Scale of hardness

A

1-10

44
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there

A

6

45
Q

minerals grow from the

A

inside in and grows out

46
Q

what are the 3 ways minerals can form

A

water, magma, exaporation

47
Q

what are the two mineral groups

A

silicates and nonsilicates

48
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust

A

silicate minerals

49
Q

what elements are silicates made up of

A

silicone and oxygen

50
Q

a naturally occuring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

mineral

51
Q

color of the mineral in powered form

A

streak

52
Q

a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parrel sides

A

cleavage

53
Q

minerals that break with irregular surface exhibit

A

fracture

54
Q

physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching

A

hardness

55
Q

molten rock material inside earth

A

magma

56
Q

nonstilicates do not contain what element

A
57
Q

what mineral is used to make glass

A

quartz

physical science (7 decks)

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