physical science chapter 25.3 and 26.1

Question 1

What is the boundary that marks the density change between layers

Answer 1

discontinuities

Question 2

How can discontinuities be identified

Answer 2

by using seismic waves

Question 3

What is a shadow zone?

Answer 3

no seismic waves have been recorded

Question 4

What is another term for shadow zone

Answer 4

dead zone

Question 5

What are the degrees shadow zones fall between

Answer 5

105-140

Question 6

Is the outer core a solid or liquid

Answer 6

liquid

Question 7

Is the inner core a solid or liquid? Why?

Answer 7

Solid because of pressure

Question 8

What makes up the lithosphere

Answer 8

The crust and the uppermost mantle

Question 9

plastic like layer which earth moves on

Answer 9

asthenosphere

Question 10

What elements make up the mantle

Answer 10

calcium, aluminium, iron, and magnesium

Question 11

Which elements make up the core

Answer 11

irion and nickel

Question 12

the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

Answer 12

viscosity

Question 13

the chemical compound silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is common ingredient in most magma

Answer 13

silica

Question 14

tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles

Answer 14

cinder cone volcanoes

Question 15

broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows

Answer 15

shield volcanoes

Question 16

large and steep-sided often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash

Answer 16

composite volcanoes

Question 17

What is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth from

Answer 17

magma

Question 18

where is the ring of fire located

Answer 18

pacific ocean

Question 19

what forms when tectonic plates collide along subduction zones

Answer 19

volcanoes

Question 20

Which 2 specif locations have volcano activity due to divergent

Answer 20

East African rift valley

mid Atlantic ridge

Question 21

Are hot spots stationary

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

What are created from hot spots

Answer 22

Hawaiian islands

Question 23

Hawaiian islands

Answer 23

kauai
oahu
molkai
maui
hawaii

Question 24

if a viscosity is higher is it going to flow slower or faster

Answer 24

slower

Question 25

if magma has a high viscosity is it going to have more or less silica

Answer 25

less

Question 26

what is pyroclastic material

Answer 26

any solid material that erupts from a volcano

Question 27

what is the smallest type of pyroclastic material

Answer 27

ash

Question 28

what is the biggest type of pyroclastic material

Answer 28

blocks and bombs

Question 29

what are the gasses that come from volcanoes

Answer 29

water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide

Question 30

how are volcanoes classified

Answer 30

according to their size, shape, and materials that erupt from them

Question 31

what are the 3 types of volcanoes

Answer 31

cinder cone, sheild, composite

Question 32

A mineral is

Answer 32

naturally occuring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

Question 33

What are the two most abundent elements that make up earths crust

Answer 33

silicon and oxygen

Question 34

What does inorganic mean

Answer 34

a materials that is nonliving

Question 35

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral

Answer 35

how hard it is, how it breaks, what crystal shape it has

Question 36

what are all the ways to identify mineral

Answer 36

``` hardness luster streak fracture atomic arrangement crystal shape cleavage ```

Question 37

what are the two types of luster

Answer 37

metallic | nonmetallic

Question 38

how does metallic luster reflect light

Answer 38

reflects it very easily | like chrome on a car

Question 39

how does nonmetallic luster reflect light

Answer 39

not as easily | appears earthy or waxy

Question 40

how do you perform a streak test

Answer 40

rubbing mineral on unglazed white porcelain tile

Question 41

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

Answer 41

cleavage and fracture

Question 42

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral

Answer 42

mohs scale of hardness

Question 43

what is the number range on Mohs Scale of hardness

Answer 43

1-10

Question 44

How many different crystal shape systems are there

Answer 44

6

Question 45

minerals grow from the

Answer 45

inside in and grows out

Question 46

what are the 3 ways minerals can form

Answer 46

water, magma, exaporation

Question 47

what are the two mineral groups

Answer 47

silicates and nonsilicates

Question 48

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust

Answer 48

silicate minerals

Question 49

what elements are silicates made up of

Answer 49

silicone and oxygen

Question 50

a naturally occuring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Answer 50

mineral

Question 51

color of the mineral in powered form

Answer 51

streak

Question 52

a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parrel sides

Answer 52

cleavage

Question 53

minerals that break with irregular surface exhibit

Answer 53

fracture

Question 54

physical property that measures a mineral's resistance to scratching

Answer 54

hardness

Question 55

molten rock material inside earth

Answer 55

magma

Question 56

nonstilicates do not contain what element

Question 57

what mineral is used to make glass

Answer 57

quartz