26 Flashcards
define rock
a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass
how are rocks identify
by their composition and texture
what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock
size, shape, and arrangement of the rock’s components
where do intrusive igneous rocks form
within Earth’s crust
what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from
magma
what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals
bowen’s reactions series
what are the 3 types of magma
mafic, intermediate, felsic
which magma type has a low silica content
mafic
which magma type has a high silica content
felsic
which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz
continental crust
which type of crust has little to no quartz
deep in continetal crust or oceanic crust
which type of igneous rock has a course grained texture
intrusive igneous rock
which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture
extrusive igneous rock
do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly
quickly
what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock
vesicular, porphyritic
which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling
vesicular
which texture is the type with 2 different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates
porphyritic
what types of rock has a vesicular texture
pumice
define clasts
small rock and mineral fragments
What types of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?
pore spaces
What does it mean if clasts are being transported?
often become rounded
What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?
Define pore space
empty space between the grains
Define compaction
clast stick together due to the weight of overlying material
Define cementation
minerals precipate slwoly out of a water solution and crystalize in the spaces between clasts
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
compaction and cementtion
What is another name for clasts?
detrious
What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?
detrial
What is the decreasing size of clasts?
gravel, sand, silt, clay
Which clast size would be deposited first?
gravel
What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?
gravel, sand, silt, clay
How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?
water that contains dissolved solids
If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?
biochemical sedimentary
What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?
limestone and coal
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?
Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?
heat, pressure, chemical reaction
Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?
igneous, sedimentaru, metamorphic
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?
regional metamorphism
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?
contact metamorphism
When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?
slate
- What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?
foliated and nonfoilated
Define foliated texture
crystals that are arranged in layers and bands
Define nonfoliated texture
Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?
Define Rock Cycle
Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Which type of rocks form from molten rock?
Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?
Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?
What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?
