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physical science > 29 > Flashcards

29 Flashcards

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1
Q

sphere

A

round, 3 dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

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2
Q

ellipse

A

an elongated, closed curve with two foci

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3
Q

is earth a perfect sphere

A

no

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4
Q

what are two things that affect gravitational forces

A

the masses of each object and the distance between them

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5
Q

which diameter of earth is the longest

A

equator

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6
Q

what does the magnetic do for earth

A

protects us from harmful radiation from the sun

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7
Q

which magnetic pull is in the norther hemisphere

A

south magnetic pole

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8
Q

can these magnetic poles flip

A

yes

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9
Q

what degrees is earths axis tilted at

A

11.7

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10
Q

what is the flipping of the north and south magnetic pull called

A

magnetic reversal

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11
Q

how often do reversals occur

A

200000 years

last occured 780000 years ago

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12
Q

how often do magnetic reversals occ

A
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13
Q

what is a magnetosphere

A

feflects harmful radiaion from the sun

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14
Q

how are the auroras created

A

electrically charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere

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15
Q

what is the scientific name for the nortehrn and soutehrn

A

boreslis and australis

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16
Q

when is earth closest to the sun

A

early january

about 147 km

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17
Q

when is earth farthesy from the sun

A

early july

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18
Q

time zone

A

an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

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19
Q

rotation

A

the spinning of earth on its axis, imaginary line drawn from earths north pole to its south pole

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20
Q

revolution

A

the motion of earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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21
Q

eliptic

A

defined as the plane of earths orbit around the sun

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22
Q

solstice

A

occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun

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23
Q

equinox

A

earths rotational axis is the perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of earth to the center of the sun

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24
Q

tide

A

rise or fall in the ocean surface

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25
Q

moon phase

A

reflects the change in appearance of the moon as sen from earth

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26
Q

solar eclipse

A

occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on earth

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27
Q

lunar eclipse

A

occurs when earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon

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28
Q

maria

A

the dark colored flat lava filled regions on the moons surface

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29
Q

regolith

A

layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the moon

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30
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

Babylonians

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31
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

The Babylonian symbol for the sun

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32
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

33
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

24 hours

34
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees

35
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

East

36
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

West

37
Q

True or false. All time zones are the exact same size?

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites.

38
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24 time zones

39
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

40
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

West

41
Q

How many time zones are there in the United States?

A

6 time zones

42
Q

What are the names of the time zones?

A 
Mountain time zone
Eastern time zone
Pacific time zone
Alaskan time zone
Central time zone
Hawaiian time zone
43
Q

What is a solar day?

A

The earth’s rotation from the sun in the sky from noon one day to noon the next day

44
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

When a certain star rises above the horizon until that same star rises again

45
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

The axis tilt and how close earth is to the sun

46
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice?

A

Summer and Winter

47
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June

48
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December

49
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

Spring and Fall

50
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March

51
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September

52
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

During the Summer Solstice

53
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

During the Winter Solstice

54
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

During the spring equinox and during the fall equinox

55
Q

how many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth

A

27.3 days

56
Q

a complete lunar phases cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called

A

synodic month

57
Q

do we ever see the back side of the moon

A

no

58
Q

what causes a tide to rise or fall

A

gravitational pull of the sun and the moon

59
Q

what is the rise of sea level

A

high tide

60
Q

after the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop

A

6 hours

61
Q

is the sun or moon farther from earth

A

sun

62
Q

does the moon or sun cause a greater effect on earths tide

A

moon

63
Q

how are the sun, earth, and moon aligned for spring tides

A

straight line in exact order

64
Q

how are the sun, earth, and moon aligned for neap tides

A

90 degree angle

65
Q

what does the phase of the moon you see depend on

A

positions of the moon, earth, and the sun relative to one another

66
Q

when does a new moon occur

A

when the moon is between the earth and the sun

67
Q

how many phases of the moon are there

A

8

68
Q

what is the definition of waxing phases

A

the illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night

69
Q

what is the definition of waning phases

A

the illuminated portion that we see appears smaller each night

70
Q

what are the moon phase names

A 
new
waning cresent
3rd quarter
waning gibbious
full
waxing gibbious
1st quarter
71
Q

where is the word month derived from

A

moon

72
Q

how are the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse

A

earth passes directly between the sun and moon

73
Q

how are the depressions on the moon formed

A

by meteoroids, asteroids, and comets

74
Q

are there mountains on the moon

A

yes

75
Q

which side of the moon is thicker

A

back side

76
Q

is the mantle of the moon a solid or liquid

A

solid

77
Q

what did the clementine spacecraft do

2 things

A

confirmed the thickness of the crust

mineral content

78
Q

what did the lunar prospector do

3 things

A

took photos of the moon surface
confirmed the moon has a small iron rich core

evidence of the presence of water ice

79
Q

what is the giant impact theory

A

the moon formed 4.6 billion years ago when a mars sized object collided with earth causing debris thrown into orbit

physical science (7 decks)

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