Physical Landscapes In The Flashcards
What hard engineering strategies are in Swanage?
Cliff pinning, sea wall, 18 teak groynes, gabions
What soft engineering strategies are in Swanage?
Beach nourishment
What are the coastal landforms in Swanage?
Sand dunes, Stacks, stumps, bays
What coastal processes are present in swanage?
Long shore drift and wave action
What is terminal groyne syndrome?
When the groynes hold so much sediment that the last groyne becomes starved of sediment
What type of coastline is the Isle of purbeck?
Discordant bands of hard and soft rock
Over which harbour is there a spit forming up north?
Poole harbour
Where is Swanage located?
Swanage is on UK’s South coast in Dorset, and is a small section of the Jurassic coastline, a UNESCO world heritage site.
What types of rock are there near Swanage?
clay- poole harbour and studland bay
chalk- ballard point
clay- Swanage bay
limetone - Durlston head
Old Harry and his wife?
Old Harry is a stack and his wife is a stump near Ballard point The truck is resistant enough to Cave arch stack stump sequence to be formed.
The River Tees is located in?
North-East England
The River Tees becomes?
less steep as it enters its middle course and meanders develop with increased lateral erosion (through a lower gradient past Barnard Castle)
The source of the River?
Cross Fell
The height of the source
893m
The name of the waterfall?
High Force
The location of the waterfall?
is in the upper course of the River Tees close to Forest-in-Teesdale.
The height of the waterfall?
20m
There are floodplains at?
Darlington and Middlesborough
There is a sweeping meander at Sockburn (near Darlington) which may develop into a
into an ox-bow lake as the neck of the meander becomes narrower.
The River Tees flows roughly east from its source for around 128km to reach
the mouth at the North Sea at Middlesborough
The Tees estuary is?
wide with mudflats and sandbanks, formed by sea-level rise at the end of the last ice-age.
Flooding has caused?
the development of raised banks (levees) along the lower course - for example near Neasham.
Where is the source of the River Tees?
The source of the River Tees is Cross Fell in the Pennines.
Describe the relief of the River Tees in the upper course?
In its upper course, the River Tees flows over hard, impermeable rocks. Vertical erosion has formed classic V-shaped valleys. The image below shows interlocking spurs close to Cauldron Snout.
What are the features of the waterfall in the River Tees?
The UK’s largest waterfall, High Force, is located in the upper course of the River Tees. An area of hard rock, called Whin Sill (or Whinstone), is located above a layer of soft rocks (sandstone and shale) and together they create the waterfall.
Describe the relief of the River Tees in the lower course?
As the River Tees reaches its middle course lateral erosion overtakes vertical erosion and is evidenced by winding meanders. Meanders in the lower course are much larger. Oxbow lakes have formed in some areas. Evidence of past flooding can be seen in the natural levees that have formed.
Describe the relief of the River Tees in the middle course?
In the lower course, The River Tees has a large estuary with mudflats and sandbanks.
Describe the location of Lyme Regis?
Small coastal town South coast of England
What coast does Lyme Regis lie on?
Jurassic coast
What are the issues Lyme Regis faces?
Rapid rates of coastal erosion and landslides e.g. the old road from Charmouth to Lyme Regis which ran across the top of the cliffs above the town
Landslides/landslips - Lyme Regis is built on a layer of limestone, which is very solid. On top of that layer are slippery muds, clays and sands, which slide over the limestone layer to form the landslides. These are all types of sedimentary rocks
How has the coastline been managed?
The Lyme Regis Environmental Improvement scheme
Who was the Scheme set up by?
West Dorset District Council
What were the Aims of this scheme?
To Provide long term coastal protection
When was this?
early 1900s
How were these conflicts reduced?
There were consultation meetings were everyone were kept inform
What defence has Lyme Regis put into place?
Sea Wall
What is phase 1 of Lyme Regis development
Date 1990 - New seawall and promenade built to the east of the moth of River Lim
What is phase 2 of Lyme Regis development?
Date 2005 - 2007 - extensive improvements to sea front(construction pf new sea walls and promenades)
What is phase 3 of Lyme Regis development
Not Undertaken - plan was to prevents landslips (however cost outweighed the benefits
What is phase 4 of Lyme Regis development
Date 2013 - 2015 - Focused on the coast east of the town(Constructing new 390m sea Wall)
What were the prices of phase 1?
2003-2004 £1.4million
What are the positive outcomes of the developments?
Visitor numbers and seafront businesses are thriving
What are the negative outcomes of the developments?
Some people believed that the new defences have ruine the natural landscape
What were the prices of phase 2?
£22 million
What were the prices of phase 3?
No Price as it wasn’t undertaken
What were the prices of phase 4?
£20 million
Where is banbury?
- SE England within 1 hour drive of London, Birmingham and Oxford
Flood in Banbury?
- Major flooding in 1998 costed £12.5 mil
- River Cherwell that flooded
- 350ppl forced to evacuate
Managing risk of flood?
- A361 raised so flooding doesn’t disrupt traffic
- Floodwall built around Motorsport company
- New pumping stations built to pump flood water/ rain water out of town
- Flow control structures, Hardwick and Huscote flow control structures built to control amount of water in River Cherwell
- Embankment made of soil made, 4.3m high
- Biodiversity action plan (BAP) habitat with ponds, trees and hedgerows (encourages water intake by plants and animals, slow up rate of water transfer, reduce risk of flooding)
Social impacts?
+ve : house owners no longer worried abt damage to property
+ve : new footpaths and parks surrounding flood water storage for families and dogs, improved quality of life
Environmental Impacts
ve : new biodiversity plan increase vegetation, trees, hedges, pondsto reduce risk of flooding, improving environment
-ve : during construction of flood water storage, heavy machinery damaged nearby vegetation
-ve : soil removed for embankemtn will distrupt habitats and wildlife
Economic Impacts
ve : contruction was expensive, at £18.5 mil
+ve: construction jobs created in process as well as some jobs to maintain biodiversity plan
+ve : estimated that storage scheme has saved £100mil in avoiding damages
