3.2.1 Section A Mega Citys- Rio (brazil)

Question 1

What is Rio de Janeiro and it is it well know for?

Answer 1

.found in brazil The south east of Brazil, on the Atlantic coast. Brazil is in South America
.second largest city in brazil
.brazil is in South America

Well know for:
.Rio’s carnivals
.Christ the redeemer
.2016 Olympic Games
.economic hub it has the largest economy in South America: a lot of large companies have their headquarters in Rio
.tourist destination
.NEE

A combination of good economic business opportunities and international tourist holidays has helped brazils economy leading to a influx of migrants

Question 2

Challenges with growing Rio?

Answer 2

.Rios population has grown too quickly for the city to grow with it due to migration This means there isn’t enough services and resources available for everyone
. Many people cannot afford houses in the city and there aren’t enough jobs for everyone who needs it

Question 3

Causes of Rio’s growth?

Answer 3

It was settled by Portuguese, then migrants from other countries in South America and South Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs settled.
- It was developed as a major port to fight of invaders.
- The coffee boom after 1769 brought great wealth to the city.

Question 4

North zone?

Answer 4

It is Rio’s main industrial and port area, it holds the Tijuca National Park, Rio’s International Airport and Maracana soccer stadium. It is an area of low quality housing

Question 5

South zone?

Answer 5

It is a very wealthy area overlooked by Rochina, the largest favela in South America. It holds Copacabana beach, Ipanema Beach and tourist hotels

Question 6

West Zone?

Answer 6

It holds Barra de Tijuca, an area that has been changed from a poor to a wealthy area with recreational facilities, the industrial area of Campo Grande and the Olympic stadium of 2016

Question 7

Centro?

Answer 7

It is the oldest part of Rio, in which the CBD, main shopping area and the financial headquarters of oil/mining companies are located.

Question 8

Infant mortality rate in Rio

Answer 8

19 per 1000

Question 9

Percentage of pregnant females getting medical care in Rio and average life expectancy?

Answer 9

74% 63

Question 10

The Zone of the Cidada de Deus district?

Answer 10

.West Zone
.infant mortality rate 21 per 1000
.Percentage of pregnant females getting medical care in Cidada de Deus 60%
. Average life expectancy in Cidada de Deus
45

Question 11

The Zone of the Barra de Tijuca district?

Answer 11

.south
.Infant mortality rate in Barra de Tijuca 6 per 1000
.Percentage of pregnant females getting medical care in Barra de Tijuca 100%
. Average life expectancy in Barrade Tijuca 80

Question 12

Healthcare solutions?

Answer 12

The Santa Marta favela is 13km from the nearest hospital, so medical staff took health kits into people’s homes to diagnose and treat diseases. This increased the life expectancy and decreased the infant mortality rate.

Question 13

Challenges of access to education?

Answer 13

There is a shortage of local schools and school staff, low pay for teachers, poor teacher training and lack of money and employment.

Question 14

Solutions of access to education?

Answer 14

Art centres for young people in Maré and a private university in Rochina have been opened. Local volunteering is being encouraged. Poor families are granted some money to keep their children in school.

Question 15

Challenges of access to water supply?

Answer 15

37% of water had been lost through leaky pipes and fraud. 12% of people remained in water insecurity.

Question 16

Solutions of access to water supply?

Answer 16

7 treatment plants were built before 2014. Over 300km of pipes were laid, and water supply to the Olympic Park in the West Zone was improved. The Favela de Bairro project improved water pipes.

Question 17

Challenges due to crime?

Answer 17

Robbery and violent crime was major. The strongest gang in Rio, Red Command gang, was getting stronger. There had been incidents of drug trafficking in Complexo do Alemao.

Question 18

Solutions to crime?

Answer 18

Pacification in 2008 restored some territories run by gangs such as Santa Maria, but not all. Experienced locals could become a police officer to reduce crime rates. The police have taken control of Complexo do Alemao and 30 smaller favelas. The Pacifying Police Unit (PPU) patrol the favelas.

Question 19

Challenges of unemployment?

Answer 19

The recession in 2015 decreased employment. Over 20% of people in favelas are unemployed, and most people work in the informal economy to earn under £60 a month. Complexo do Alemao (North) has an estimated 37% unemployment while Barra de Tijuca (South) has only 2%.

Question 20

Solutions to unemployment?

Answer 20

Free childcare has been made available for teenage parents to enable them to finish their education. Schooling in Rochina has improved and the ‘Schools of Tomorrow’ programme is aimed to improve education in favelas.

Question 21

Challenges of waste disposal?

Answer 21

Access is difficult for waste collection lorries due to poor roads and infrastructure. The waste then pollutes the water system, creating a breeding ground for bacteria and rats to cause cholera.

Question 22

Solutions to waste disposal?

Answer 22

A power plant for biofuel has been built, consuming 30 tonnes of rubbish a day and produces electricity for 1000 homes.

Question 23

Challenges of water pollution?

Answer 23

There are no proper recycling facilities of waste and fuel, so Guanabara Bay is highly polluted. 200 tonnes of sewage disposed there, which endangers animals. As a result, commercial fishing has declined by 40%.

Question 24

Solutions to water pollution?

Answer 24

Overseas aid has helped to reduce sewage disposal at Guanabara Bay. 12 new sewage works and 5 km of new sewage pipes have been installed. Ships are now being monitored for illegal waste disposal into the bay.

Question 25

Challenges of traffic congestion?

Answer 25

Mountains are steep so roads are only on coastal lowland, causing congested traffic. Car use has also increased by 40%.

Question 26

Solutions to traffic congestion?

Answer 26

The Rio-Niterói Bridge crosses Guanabara Bay and connects Rio de Janeiro and Niterói. The bottom-up development of a public bicycle sharing system, ‘Bike Rio 2011’, has been set up to encourage public transport. The metro system has also been expanded.

Question 27

Challenges of construction in squatter settlements?

Answer 27

Houses are poorly and illegally built from scraps. Shanty towns are built on steep positions, vulnerable to natural hazards because they have no choice.

Question 28

Challenges of services in squatter settlements?

Answer 28

12% of homes in favelas have no running water, 30% have no electricity and 50% have no sewage connections. Sewers are open, and often people resort to illegal connections to electricity plyons and tapping into a city water main for drinking water.

Question 29

Challenges of unemployment in squatter settlements?

Answer 29

Unemployment is up to 20%. Jobs have low wages and tend to be from the informal sector.

Question 30

Infant mortality rate in squatter settlements?

Answer 30

Up to 50 per 1000.

Question 31

Improvements to Rochina?

Answer 31

New and better amenities and recreational facilities. 90% of houses are built with brick, have electricity, water and sewage connections.

Question 32

What is the Favela Bairro Project?

Answer 32

It is a site and service scheme, where land (site) and services are provided by local authority for residents to build homes.

Question 33

Successes of the Favela Bairro Project in Complexo do Alemao?

Answer 33

There has been improved infrastructure such as paved roads and improved sanitation due to better access to water supply and better drainage system. Hillsides have better protection against landslides and have a new cable car system. There are new recreational facilities. Pacification reduced crime rates.

Question 34

Problems with the Favela Bairro Project?

Answer 34

Literacy and unemployment rates are still low, so more training is required. The US$1 billion budget does not cover all favelas. The infrastructure is not being maintained well and residents lack the skills and resources to repair it. Rents have become higher.

.funding money didn’t cover all favelas
• Rise in rent priced people out
• It DIDN’T maintain its improvements

Question 35

The damage of the Olympics on the favelas?

Answer 35

Some favelas have been removed for space for the Olympic Games; 1000 people lost their homes. They were moved to 800 new houses in Campo Grande, which lacks a sense of community and recreational activities .

Question 36

The benefit of the Olympics on the favelas?

Answer 36

The conditions of the new housing in Campo Grande is better than that in favelas. Some favelas near the Olympic Park are being redeveloped and many people have found employment in the construction of Olympic facilities.