Physical: Early- Late Adulthood

Question 1

Emerging Adulthood

Answer 1

time when adolescents are transitioning to adulthood and are preparing for complete independence from parents while continuing to explore various identities

Question 2

Early Adulthood

Answer 2

period between the twenties and thirties when forming intimate relationships and work are considered important aspects of life

Question 3

Middle Adulthood

Answer 3

period from the forties through the mid-sixties when aging becomes perceptible while many people are at the height of productivity in love and work

Question 4

Late Adulthood

Answer 4

period from 65 on, when people often transition from healthy, productive, and active to a riskier time as they move into their eighties and beyond

Question 5

Rites of Passage

Answer 5

events that mark transitions from one status to another; such rites as marriage and parenthood have traditionally been associated with the beginning of adulthood

Question 6

Binge Drinking

Answer 6

consumption of large quantities of alcohol to the point where blood alcohol concentration levels reach 0.08 grams per deciliter

Question 7

Oxidative Damage

Answer 7

harm to cells caused by an imbalance between free radicals (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidant defenses

Question 8

Primary Aging

Answer 8

gradual and presently inevitable process of bodily deterioration that takes place throughout life

Question 9

Secondary Aging

Answer 9

the loss of function accelerated by lifestyle and other factors

Question 10

Melanin

Answer 10

Melanin is a natural skin pigment. With aging, hair follicles produce less melanin, and this causes hair to become gray.

Question 11

Sarcopenia

Answer 11

a syndrome which causes loss of skeletal muscle mass and function

Question 12

Presbyopia

Answer 12

an age-related condition in which there is a gradual loss in ability to focus on close objects

Question 13

Floaters

Answer 13

little spots or “cobwebs” that float around the field of vision. They are most noticeable if you are looking at the sky on a sunny day. Common eye problem people experience as they age.

Question 14

dry eye syndrome

Answer 14

ccurs when the eye does not produce tears properly, or when the tears evaporate too quickly because they are not the correct consistency. Nearly five million Americans over the age of 50 experience dry eye. It affects women more than men, especially after menopause

Question 15

Heart Disease

Answer 15

heart disease continues to be the number one cause of death for Americans.

• –cardiovascular disease: narrowed, blocked, or stiffened blood vessels
• -atherosclerosis: a disease that occurs when plaque builds up inside arteries

Question 16

Cancer

Answer 16

After heart disease, cancer was the second leading cause of death for Americans. Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases in which the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.

Question 17

Diabetes

Answer 17

a disease in which the body does not control the amount of glucose in the blood. This disease occurs when the body does not make enough insulin or does not use it the way it should.
One in three adults are estimated to have prediabetes. Between 40-45% of Americans with diabetes have some degree of diabetic retinopathy, which is damage to the small blood vessels in the retina.

Question 18

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 18

is a cluster of several cardiometabolic risk factors, including large waist circumference; high blood pressure; and elevated triglycerides, LDL, and blood glucose levels. Metabolic syndrome can lead to diabetes and heart disease. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States is approximately 34%

Question 19

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Answer 19

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in the joints. RA occurs when the immune system attacks the membrane lining the joints. RA is the second most common form of arthritis after osteoarthritis, which is the normal wear and tear on the joints.

Question 20

Sleep Disorders

Answer 20

9 percent of Americans report being diagnosed with a sleep disorder.

• -sleep apnea: a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing stops and starts
• -insomnia: inability to sleep

Question 21

Aerobic Activity

Answer 21

For substantial health benefits, adults should engage in at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise OR at least 75 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic activity; aerobic activity should occur for at least 10 minutes and preferably spread throughout the week

Question 22

Climacteric

Answer 22

the midlife transition when fertility declines, is biologically based but also impacted by the environment.
During midlife, men may experience a reduction in their ability to reproduce. Women, however, lose their ability to reproduce once they reach menopause.

Question 23

Perimenopause

Answer 23

refers to a period of transition in which a woman’s ovaries stop releasing eggs and the level of estrogen and progesterone production decreases.

Question 24

Menopause

Answer 24

defined as 12 months without menstruation. The average age of menopause in the United States is approximately 51, however, many women begin experiencing symptoms in their forties.

Question 25

Maximum life span

Answer 25

defined as the greatest age reached by any member of a given population (or species). For humans, maximum life span is currently between 120 and 125 years.

Question 26

Life expectancy

Answer 26

defined as the average number of years that members of a population (or species) live.

Global life expectancy for people born in the United States in 2019 is 72 years, with females reaching 74.2 years and males reaching 69.8 years.