Early Childhood Emotions: Psychosocial & Behavior Flashcards
Self-concept
a person’s self-description, including both external and internal qualities.
Self-esteem
an evaluative judgment about who a person is, by that person. The emergence of cognitive skills in this age group results in improved perceptions of the self.
Categorical self
a self-description that is focused on external qualities. Ex. a little girl might describe herself as a three-year-old girl with red hair who likes to play with Legos.
Gender Identity
a person’s sense of self as a member of a particular gender
Gender Roles
the expectations associated with being male or female that are learned in one’s culture throughout childhood and into adulthood
Cognitive Social Learning Theory
a theory that is similar to social learning theory in that it emphasizes reinforcement, punishment, and imitation, but adds cognitive processes.
Gender Schema Theory
a theory that argues that children develop their own conceptions of the attributes associated with maleness or femaleness
Developmental Intergroup Theory
a theory that states that many gender stereotypes are so strong because we emphasize gender so much in culture
Gender Dysphoria
a sense of unease that a person may have because of a mismatch between gender identity and biological sex
–cisgender: denoting or relating to a person whose gender and sex assignment at birth matched
Intersex
an individual born with either an absence or some combination of male and female reproductive organs
Child Abuse and Neglect
any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or an act or failure to act, which presents an imminent risk of serious harm
Adverse Childhood Experiences
potential traumatic experiences that occur in childhood, such as abuse, neglect, and violence, that may have a crucial impact on an individual’s physical, mental, and emotional health all through life. Can increase the risk for stress-related disease and cognitive impairment well into the adult years.
