Emotions: Middle Childhood- Adolescence

Question 1

Autonomy

Answer 1

a teenager’s greater desire for independence. It can be difficult for many parents to deal with this desire, but it is likely adaptive for teenagers to distance themselves and establish relationships outside of their families in preparation for adulthood.

Question 2

Homophily

Answer 2

a tendency in adolescence in which members of a peer group tend to be similar to one another in behavior and attitudes

Question 3

Deviant Peer Contagion

Answer 3

process by which peers reinforce problem behavior by laughing or showing other signs of approval

Question 4

Cliques

Answer 4

sociologically speaking, groups of individuals who interact frequently

Question 5

Crowds

Answer 5

sociologically speaking, groups that are characterized more by shared reputations or images than actual interactions

Question 6

Relationship Inauthenticity

Answer 6

an incongruence between thoughts and feelings and the actions within a relationship

Question 7

Differentiation

Answer 7

The way something is distinguished or determined among the others. occurs as an adolescent recognizes and distinguishes the contextual factors that influence their own behavior and the perceptions of others.

Question 8

Sociometric Assessment

Answer 8

a measurement of attraction between members of a group, such as a classroom of students

Question 9

Popular Children

Answer 9

children who are mentioned most frequently in sociometric assessments

• -popular-prosocial: children who are cooperative and friendly and tend to do well in school
• -popular-antisocial: children who gain popularity by acting tough or spreading rumors about others

Question 10

Rejected Children

Answer 10

children who receive primarily negative votes in a sociometric assessment

• -rejected-withdrawn: children who are shy, withdrawn, and unlikely to retaliate when bullied
• -rejected-aggressive: children who are ostracized because they are loud, aggressive, and confrontational

Question 11

Cohabitation

Answer 11

Most children in unmarried parent households in 2017 were living with a solo mother (21 percent), but a growing share were living with cohabiting parents (7 percent) or a sole father (4 percent). The increase in children living with solo or cohabiting parents was thought to be due to the overall declines in marriage and increases in divorce.