Physical Development 1-12 yrs Flashcards
Infancy
Birth to 1 yr
Toddler
1 to 2 yo
Early childhood/Preschool
3-5 yo
Middle Childhood
5-8 yo
Late Childhood
8-11 yo
Types of changes
Structural/Physiological
Functional
Combination of structural/physiological and functional
Both structural/physiological and functional factors will influence
Behavior
From birth to adolescence - physical fitness measures
Growing
Learning of fundamental and activity specific motor skills
Vital capacity, BP, blood volume, height inc, HR dec over time
Nervous system growth
Brain
75-80% by 2-3 yo
90% by 6 yo
Nervous system growth
Nerves
Myelination by 2-3 yo
Besides size, what else impacts development
Genetics Experiences Contexts Nutrition Sociocultural factors Self concept Fitness TIE Perception - action - cognition
Typical reasons why a family member would ask if their child is behind in motor development
They have seen their child behind others in certain activities
What are the typical reasons a physician would request info on if a child is behind developmentally
They know something is off related to movement but they can’t pinpoint what it is
Balance - stand on one foot momentarily
22-23 months
Balance - stand on one foot momentarily - 1 second
30 months
Balance - stand on one foot momentarily - 5 seconds
38 months, 3 yrs 2 months
Balance - stand on one foot momentarily - 10 seconds
54 months, 4.5 years
Balance - walk a line on the floor - forward
23 months
Balance - walk a line on the floor - Backward
27 months
Balance - walk a line on the floor - Circular path
37 months
Balance - heel toe - forward
43 months, 3 yrs 7 months
Balance - heel toe - backward
56 months, 4 yrs 8 months
Balance - stand on walking board - tries to stand
18 months
Stand on walking board - both feet for a few seconds
24 months
Balance - walk on a walking board - alternates steps partway
38 months, 3 yrs 2 months
Stair walking - step to pattern without support Ascent
27-29 months
Stair walking - step to pattern without support - Alternate feet with support - Ascent
29-31 months
Stair walking - step to pattern without support - alternate feet without support - Ascent
31-41 months
Stair walking - step to pattern without support - step to pattern - Descent
28-34 months
Stair walking - step to pattern without support - alternate feet with support - descent
48 months
Stair walking - step to pattern without support - alternate feet without support
4-4.5 yrs
Jumping –> progression of difficulty
Leaping –> hopping
Jumping - jump from 12 in height - one foot (like step down)
24 months
Jumping - jump off floor - both feet
28 months
Jumping - jump from 12 in height - both feet
Just shy of 3 yrs
34 months
Hopping - hop on two feet 1 - 3 times
38 months
Hopping - hop on one foot 1-3 times
43 months
3.5 yrs
Hop 5 times in place on either foot - boys vs girls
boys - 67%
girls - 90%
5.5 yrs
Skipping vs. Galloping
Skipping is harder, particularly for guys
Motor learning vs Motor Development questions
- Are we interested in what bx is like now and why the behavior is the way it is? (applies to both)
- Are we interested in what bx was like before our present obs? (develop)
- Are we interested in how the present bx is going to change in future? (develop)
Two main approaches to classifying skill development
Total body configuration/global
Segmental analysis/components
Global view - stability - reflexive mvmnts and rhythmical stereotypes
righting reflexes
rocking
Global view - stability - rudimentary mvmnts
head - neck - trunk control
sitting
standing
Global view - stability - fundamental mvmnts
balancing on 1 foot
walking on low beam
Global view - stability - specialized movement
performing a balance beam routine
Global view - locomotion - reflexive mvmnts and rhythmical stereotypes
stepping reflex
swimming reflex
kicking
Global view - locomotion - rudimentary mvmnts
crawling
creeping
bear walking
Global view - locomotion - fundamental mvmnts
walking running jumping hopping leaping galloping sliding skipping
Global view - locomotion - specialized mvmnts
running the 100m hurdles
walking through crowds
Global view - manipulation - reflexive
palmar grasp
waving
Global view - manipulation - rudimentary mvmnts
reaching
grasping
releasing
Global view - manipulation - fundamental mvmnts
throwing
catching
kicking
striking
Global view - manipulation - specialized mvmnts
kicking a goal in soccer
striking a pitch
Hopping questions - legs
Is the swing leg active
Does the support leg extend at takeoff
Does the swing leg swing behind the support leg
Is the weight shifted onto the ball of the foot before knee ext push off
Hopping questions - arms
Do the arms move symmetrical/asymmetrically
Are the arms active
Do the arms pump up and down
Do the arms move opposite of the opposing leg
Throwing questions - legs
Is a step taken
Is the step on the opp or same side as the throwing arm
How wide is the step
Throwing questions - trunk
Is there rotation at trunk? hips?
Do the hips start before the trunk
Throwing questions - arm
Does the humerus form a right triangle with the trunk
When front facing, does the humerus move with the trunk or is there a lag
Catching questions - arms
Do the arms move
Is the object caught at chest or hands
Do the arms wrap around or scoop under
Catching questions - hands
Do the palms face inward
Do the hands adjust to the ball size
Catching questions - body
Does the body move
Is their delay in the mvmnt of the body to make adjustments
