Fine Motor Development Flashcards
Components of hand function
Fine motor skills
Visual skills
Visual perception skills
Fine motor skills
Patterns that require tactile proprioceptive and visual information
Fine motor skills require what patterns:
Reach Grasp Carry Release In hand manipulation Bilateral hand use
Reach
Movement and stabilization of the arm and hand for the purpose of contacting an object with the hand
Grasp
Attainment of an object with the hand
Carry
Movement of the arm in space for the purpose of transporting a hand held object from 1 place to another
Release
The intentional letting go of a hand held object at a specific time or place
In hand manipulation
The adjustment of an object in the hand after grasp
Bilateral hand use
The use of 2 hands working together to accomplish a task
Visual skills
Ability to fixate on a stationary object
Ability to track a moving object
Visual perception skills
Ability to recognize, discriminate, and process sensory info
Identification of shapes, orientation of objects in space, dimension
Issues that influence hand function development
Coordination of fine motor skills and visual skills Eye hand coordination Cognitive development Social development and culture Sensory integration
Eye hand coordination
Visual perceptual factors
Visual deficits
Cognitive development
Attention factors
Cognitive deficit factors
Social development and culture
SES factors
Gender factors
Sensory integration
Lights in the room, temperature, hearing typing, feet on the floor and such
We have been sensorally desenitized
Physical and motor issues in hand development
Integrity of the hand - congenital or traumatic abnormalities
ROM
Tone and movement patterns
Development of the hand
Proximal to distal developmental progression
Palmar skills before finger control
Gross function before Fine
Ulnar before radial
Stability before mobility
Gross assym to generalized symm to voluntary to controlled asymm
Development of hand function - Reach
Observed in non true form via reflexes
Begins to develop as visual regard develops
Mature reach occurs in conjunction with trunk and scapular control
Development of hand function - Grasp
Initially dominated by hand reflexes
Traction response
Grasp Reflex
Avoiding reaction
Traction response
flexion pattern with passive humeral abduction
0-5 months
Grasp Reflex
Flexion of thumb and fingers with palmar stimuli
4 weeks - 5 months
Avoiding reaction
Pronation or supination of hand away from stimuli on back of hand or on fingertips
0-7 years
Power grasps
Prehension Power = fist Hook = pick up suitcase with handle Cylindrical = hold glass Spherical = hold ball
Precision grasps
Precision
Lateral pinch
Tip pinch
Palmar pinch (two and three point)
Development of grasp
Initial hand movements are dominated by reflex
5 months = palmar grasp develops
8-9 months = emergence of 3 point grasps
In hand manipulation - transition
Movement of object from palm to fingers and fingers to palm
Most basic
Relies on finger flexion and extension and thumb movements
In hand manipulation - shift
Movement of object btw or among fingers - turning pages in a book
In hand manipulation - rotation
Multi axis movement like picking up a pen and placing it in position to write with
In hand manipulation - necessary skills
Thumb stability Isolated finger movement Pliability of the palm (presence of arches) Wrist stability Forearm supination
Carry
Requires combination and coordination of body movements and ability of the hand to stabilize an object
Voluntary release
Requires coordination of mvmnt through entire UE
Initially reflexive
Further developed when infant brings objects to midline which facilitates transfer to other hand
Strong presence by age 1 and will continue to develop
Bilateral hand use - initial development pattern
Asymmetrical hand use = 0-3 months
Symmetrical patterns = 3-10 months
Differentiated hand movements = 10-18 months
Bilateral hand use - advanced development pattern
18-24 months = begins to develop simultaneous manipulation skills
2-3 yrs = motor planning to refine simultaneous manipulation
Hand dominance
Not stabilized until age of 7
Cross dominance may be an indication of lack of maturation and differentiation of the cerebral hemispheres
Necessary development abilities
Control of neck and eye movements Postural/trunk stability and balance Shoulder complex stability and mobility Elbow mobility Gross grasp Forearm sup/pron Individual finger manipulation
4-7 years
Demonstrates hand dominance (by age 7)
12-14 years
Full finger manipulation skills
Assessment of fine motor skills
Vision ROM, Strength Balance and stability Sensory integration Specific tests - standardized ones
Beery
2 to 18 years for visual motor integration
Peabody
0 to 5 years for fine and gross motor skills
Bruininks
4 to 21 years for fine and gross motor skills
