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Semester 3 FS Exam 3 > Fetal Development > Flashcards

Fetal Development Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-embryonic

A

Fertilization - 2 weeks

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2
Q

Embryo

A

2-8 weeks gestational age

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3
Q

Fetus

A

8 weeks to birth

8 weeks - extremities

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4
Q

Neonate

A

Birth to 2 months of age

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5
Q

Infant

A

3 weeks to 12 months of age

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6
Q

Menstrual age

A

Age counted from date of mothers last period - full term is 40 weeks

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7
Q

Gestational age

A

Age counted from the time of fertilization (mid cycle of mother)
Full term is 38 weeks

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8
Q

Full term

A

range of 38-42 weeks

premature is 36 weeks

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9
Q

Chronological age

A

Begins at time of birth

vs. adjusted age

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10
Q

First month of fertilization

A

Moves down fallopian tubes
Mitosis
Trophoblast
Blastocyst

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11
Q

First month of fertilization - day 4

A

Arrives in uterus

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12
Q

First month of fertilization - day 14

A

implants onto wall of uterus- embryo stage week 2-8

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13
Q

First month of fertilization - week 2.5

A

Neural plate - beginning of CNS
Primitive placenta has formed
Heart - paired heart tubes bulge into midline, become a single tube in coelom

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14
Q

First system to develop in the embryo

A

heart

Critical period of heart development is day 20-50 after fertilization

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15
Q

First month of fertilization - week 3.5

A

Neural groove - closes except for neuropores

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16
Q

First month of fertilization - week 4
Length
Head region
Brain and spinal cord

A 
Length = 1/5 in
Head differentiated and 1/3 of length
Brain and spinal cord are developing
Rudimentary eyes, ears, and nose
Body with head, trunk, tail
Heart
Branchial (gill) arches - give rise to mandible, hyoid, larynx
Arm buds
Initial brain development
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17
Q

Week 5

A 
1/2 in long
Head is more erect
Fingers visible
Placenta developing
Umbilical cord
Hear differentiating with atria and ventricles
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18
Q

Week 6

A 
Cerebrum makes curve in the forehead, development of hemispheres
Hands develop fingers
Heart and liver separated by diaphragm
Liver is now producing blood cells 
Two vertebral arteries
No vertebrae
Deciduous teeth developing
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19
Q

Somite

A

will end up being a nerve root

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20
Q

Week 8

A

Length 1-1.6 in
Weight 2/3 ounce
All adult parts and organs become function
Eyelids forming, ears take shape, pigment in eyes, cartilage for skeleton
Startle reflex

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21
Q

Week 9

A

Amniotic sac
Muscle movement in mouth and jaw
Muscles in UE and LE respond to tactile stimulation

22
Q

Week 11-12 = third month

A

length - 2.4 to 3 in
Weight 3/4 ounce
Inc activity, primitive reflexes noted (grasp)
Heart is complete
Lips open and close, head turns, forehead wrinkles
yolk sac will soon loosen all blood produced by liver and spleen
Bones - shaft of limb bones are ossified

23
Q

Week 12 - 13 - end of first trimester

A

All major systems are developed
Umbilical cord and amniotic sac established for nourishment
Determine sex between 12-20 weeks
Isolated movement of hand to mouth and above head
Production of urine

24
Q

Week 13-14 month 4

A

Mother begins to feel movement
Isolated elbow flex/ext, finger flex/ext, LE reciprocal movement
Bone development continues

25
Q

Foot/hand development

A

6 week - hand further developed than foot
11 week - nail beds and AROM
5 month - complete

26
Q

Week 16

A 
Length 6 in
Weight 4 ounces
Finger prints appear
Weak thumb suck
Ears stand out from head
27
Q

Month 5

A 
First sigh
Touches foot, isolated finger movement
Turns and moves
Swallows, hiccups
Sleep/wake cycle
Stronger suck
Heart beat regular
Lanugo, groove in fat layer protecting skin
Vestibulocochlear system myelinated
28
Q

Week 22

A

initial myelination of CNS and PNS

29
Q

Month 6

A 
Length 10-12 in
Weight 2 pounds
hair grows thicker
Hears in utero 
Sx fetal distress if HR doesn't inc to noise
End of 2nd trimester
30
Q

25 weeks of gestation

A

the child is viable to live outside of the womb

31
Q

Prematurity - appearance

A

Global hypotonia
Extremities in ext, abd, versus midline flexion (lack of muscle tone)
Minimal random movements

32
Q

Prematurity - medically unstable

A

Temp regulation and resp problems
Complications - BPD, hyaline membrane disease, IVH
Feeding problems

33
Q

Week 26-30

A

Dislike bright lights
Length 16 in
Weight 2.5 lbs

34
Q

Week 26-30 premature

A

Primitive reflexes seen: rooting, suck/swllow, moro, crossed extension, flexor withdrawal, plantar grasp
Suck/swallow present but safe nippling wont occur until weeks 33-35 when coordinated gag reflex stronger

35
Q

Week 32-36 in utero

A

Strong growth phase
Getal movement begins to slow
Turns head to diffuse light
Reflexes = galant, neonatal NOB, BOB, positive support, stepping

36
Q

Week 32 premature

A 
More pronouced state differentiation
Mvt dominated by trunk will creep in isolette
Dec in clonic mvt
Attempt hand to mouth and erect head
Dec in hip hypotonia
37
Q

Week 36 premature

A

Vigorous sustained cry
Inc in co-contraction of muscles
UE and trunk more hypotonic than LE

38
Q

Week 38-40 full term
State cycles
Brain
Reflexes

A

Organized state cycles of active, quiet, transitional
Brain is 25% of adult wt and size
Brain cells and synapses will be selectively eliminated with age
No myelinated fibers extend to cerebral cortex
PNS not myelinated
Reflexes DTR, superficial skin reflexes

39
Q

Week 38-40 premature

A

Improved state differentiation
More organized spontaneous movement
Tone is normalizing but still less than full term, more ROM, poorer flex/ext balance of head and neck
More reactive startle, tremore, brisk reflexes

40
Q

Factors that effect development

A

Teratogen - causes or mechanisms and patterns of abnormal development
20% of deaths in N America caused by birth defects
Genetic
Environmental

41
Q

Genetic causes

A

Huntington - breakdown of brain cells
Sickle cell anemia
Muscular dystrophy
Chromososomal disorders

42
Q

Environmental causes

A

Drugs

43
Q

Chemicals

A

Organic mercury
Lead
Polychlorinated biphenyls

44
Q

Infections

A 
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Varicella
HIV
Toxoplasmosis
Listeria
Congenital syphillis
45
Q

Maternal factors

A 
Maternal health
Maternal age
SES
Rh blood compatibility 
Uncontrolled diabetes 
PKU
46
Q

Non-teratogenic agents

A

Non-ionizing radiation - microwave ovens, UV light

Prenatal vitamins

47
Q

Critical times - CNS

A

Week 3-5

48
Q

Critical times - Heart

A

Week 3-6

49
Q

Critical times - UE and LE

A

Weeks 4-8

50
Q

Critical times - Eyes

A

Week 4-8

51
Q

Critical times - Ears

A

Week 4 -12

52
Q

Critical times - teeth and palate

A

Weeks 6-12

Semester 3 FS Exam 3 (7 decks)

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