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BIO 2104 > PHYSICAL + CHEMICAL CONTROL OF MICROBES CH 11 > Flashcards

PHYSICAL + CHEMICAL CONTROL OF MICROBES CH 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two most resistant microbial types?
Are gram - or gram + bacteria more resistant?

A
  • Prions and Bacterial Endospores
  • Gram Neg- bacteria are generally more resistant than Gram Pos+ bacteria
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2
Q

What are the most resistant microbial entities

A

Bacterial endospores (not prions bc they are not living)

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3
Q

Compared to vegetative cells, what method are endospores MOST and LEAST resistant to?

A

MOST: Sporicidal Liquid (18x more resistant)
LEAST: Moist heat (1.5x more resistant)

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4
Q

Identify and describe the levels and categories of microbial control method from lowest to highest level of clean

A

DADS:
Decontamination: Reduces the amount of microbes present on living and nonliving surfaces

  • Antisepsis and Disinfection kill all microbial life APART FROM BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES:
    Antisepsis: Living Surfaces
    Disinfection: Non-Living Surfaces

Sterilization: Destruction of ALL microbial life INCLUDING bacterial endospores

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5
Q

Sterilization:
Describe the level of clean. When is it used? What is an example of this method?

A

Kills ALL microbes (including bacterial endopsores)
- Critical Medical Intruments that go into tissues
- Autoclave uses pressure and heat to kill microbes

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6
Q

Disinfection:
Describe the level of clean. When is it used?

A

Kills all microbes APART FROM BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES
- It is used on non-living surfaces

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7
Q

Antisepsis:
Describe the level of clean. When is it used?

A

Kills all microbes APART FROM BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES
- It is used on living surfaces

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8
Q

Decontamination:
Describe the level of clean. What is an example of this method?

A

Mechanical removal that reduces the amount of microbes on living and non-living surfaces
- Soap or detergent to clean hands or clothes

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9
Q

Sepsis vs Asepsis vs Antisepsis

A

Sepsis: Containing microbes

Asepsis: PREVENTION of contamination

Antiseptic: Sterile methods that kill vegetative microbes on living surfaces AFTER CONTAMINATION

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10
Q

-Cidal vs -Static Agents

A

Cidal - Kills microbes (think of homocide)
Static - Stopping/slowing replication (fridge)

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11
Q

Identify and describe the different levels of medical devices and what cleaning method is best used on each

A

Critical Medical Device: Comes into contact with tissues; STERILE

Semi-Critical Medical Device: Comes into contact with mucosal membranes of the nose, eyes, ears and mouth; DISINFECT

Noncritical Medical Device: Only comes into contact with intact skin; Disinfect OR Decontamination

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12
Q

How would you classify the forceps used in neurosurgery? What control method would you use?

A

Critical Medical Device
Sterilization

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13
Q

What are the factors that affect the rate at which antimicrobial agents work on microbes

A
  • The longer you let it sit, the more cells are killed
  • Endospores take longer to kill
  • The larger amount of microbes, the longer it takes to clean
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14
Q

What are the four targets for physical and chemical agents

A
  • DNA/RNA
  • Cell Wall
  • Cell Membrane
  • Proteins
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15
Q

What method is used to disinfect on living surfaces

A

Antisepsis

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16
Q

Put the following in order from most to least resistant:
- Fungal Spores
- Protozoan Cysts
- Gram Pos+ Bacteria
- Prions

A
  • Prions
  • Protozoan Cysts
  • Fungal Spores
  • Gram Pos+ Bacteria
17
Q

Identify four methods of physical control

A
  • Moist Heat
  • Dry Heat
  • UV
  • Filtration
18
Q

Moist vs Dry Heat Methods; Identify examples of each. Which is more effective?Why?

A

Moist Heat - Autoclave
Dry Heat - Incineration (fire)

Moist heat is more effective because it uses lower temps, and MUCH LESS time

19
Q

How does the autoclave work? What method is this?

A

It combines heat, steam, and pressure to sterilize
- This is a moist heat, sterile method

20
Q

Identify and describe the two dry heat methods

A

Incineration - Fire
Hot Air - Oven

21
Q

Describe filtration methods. What is the highest level of clean you can get with this method?

A

Trapping pathogens and particles and filtering out water. Special filters that are small enough to trap viruses can get us to sterilization

22
Q

How does a beard affect masks?

A

Maks becomes ineffective as it pushes it away from face and allows microbes and bacteria to pass in both directions

23
Q

T/F: Lower temperatures can be used with dry heat than moist heat

A

False; moist heat uses lower temps

24
Q

What is an aqueous solution

A

Chemical diluted in water

25
Q

What is the state of matter of antimicrobial agents?

A

They exist in all states of matter

26
Q

Describe the different levels of germicides and when each should be used

A

High Level - Sterile; used on critical medical devices

Intermediate Level - Kills all microbes (EXCEPT endospores); used on semi-critical medical devices

Low Level - Kills vegetative cells and some viruses; used on non-critical medical devices

27
Q

Antimicrobial Chemical Agents:
Chlorine

A

Interacts with cell membrane and can kill endospores; sterile

28
Q

Antimicrobial Chemical Agents:
Iodine

A

Oxidizes proteins, nucleotides, and fatty acids (including cell membrane); Disinfection and Antisepsis

29
Q

Antimicrobial Chemical Agents:
Alcohol

A

Denatures proteins and lipids (cell membrane); disinfection

30
Q

What is the most effective concentration of alcohol? Why?

A

70%; higher concentrations evaporate faster

31
Q

Antimicrobial Chemical Agents:
Hydrogen Peroxide

A

Radical Oxygen destroys cell membrane, cell wall, and proteins; can sterilize in high concentrations

32
Q

Categorize the following chemical agents into the different levels of clean:
- Chlorine
- Iodine
- Alcohol
- Hydrogen peroxide at high concentration
- Hydrogen peroxide at low concentration

A

High Level - Chlorine + High Concentration Hydrogen Peroxide

Intermediate Level - Iodine + Alcohol

Low Level - Low Concentration Hydrogen Peroxide

33
Q

T/F: A chemical listed as a disinfectant can be used as an antispetic

A

False; do not rub harsh chemicals into the skin please

34
Q

What level of cleaners can kill endospores?

A

High

35
Q

What is the most effective concentration range of alcohol

A

Most effective at concentrations from 70-95%

BIO 2104 (10 decks)

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