EUKARYOTES CH 5 Flashcards
Identify the four groups of eukaryotes discussed in class and identify whether they are unicellular, multicellular or both
Protozoans - Unicellular
Fungi + Algae - Unicellular OR Multicellular
Helminths - Multicellular
How did eukaryotic functions change over time?
They started off unicellular and independent
- Eukaryotes have since evolved to become multicellular; each with unique functions that benefit the entire organism
T/F: Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes evolved independently
False; Through endosymbiosis eukaryotes got mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is the endosymbiont theory?
The idea that one prokaryote engulfed another prokaryote and developed to form eukaryotic cells with mitochondria and chloroplasts
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell Walls
Prokaryote - Peptidoglycan
Eukaryote - Chitin OR Cellulose
What is the cell wall composed of in different Eukaryotic organisms
Fungi - Chitin
Algae - Cellulose
T/F: All Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane
True; this includes ALL cells.
Identify the following structures and select which are present in all Eukaryotic cells
A - Chloroplast
B - Nucleus*
C - Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum*
D - Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum*
E - Mitochondria*
F - Cell Membrane*
G - Cell Wall
H - Flagella
I - Cilia
J - Golgi Apparatus*
K - Cytoskeleton*
L - Ribosomes*
Identify the structures common to all eukaryotic cells
- Nucleus
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Mitrochondria
- Cell Membrane
- Golgi Apparatus
- Cytoskeleton
- Ribosomes
Identify the structures present in some eukaryotic cells
- Cilia
- Flagella
- Chloroplasts
- Cell Wall
Which structure surrounds the entire cell and is selectively permeable, allowing in some things, but limiting others
Cell membrane
Which organelle is responsible for housing the DNA in a eukaryotic cell
Nucleus
Which organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis and storage of lipids and nonprotein molecules
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which organelle modifies proteins so they could be sent out and around the cell
Golgi Apparatus
What is the order of protein formation?
- DNA is transcribed into mRNA
- mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the ribosome for protein synthesis
- Sent to the rough ER
- Sent to Golgi apparatus to modify the protein and get it sent to where it needs to go in vessicles
Mitochondria Cristae + Matrix Functions
Cristae - Center for Aerobic Respiration + ATP formation
Matrix - Holds (70s) Ribosomes + (circular) DNA + Other enxymes and compounds used in metabolism
Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA and 70s ribosomes
They are prokaryotic structures that were engulfed in endosymbiosis
T/F: Fungal spores have a tough outer coating that allows them to survive in extreme conditions
False;
Fungal spores are not to be confused with endospores. A Fungal spore is a reproductive structure
Asexual fungal spores contained in a sac like head
Sporangiospores
What are the microscopic fungi? Which is unicellar and multicellular
Mold - Multicellular
Yeast - Unicellular
What is hyphae? What fungi produce hyphae?
Long threadllike cells found in MOLD
What is pseudohyphae? What fungi produce pseudohyphae?
Chains of unicellular YEAST cells; can look like the long threadlike cells found in mold
