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BIO 2104 > MICROBIAL NUTRITION + GROWTH CH 9 > Flashcards

MICROBIAL NUTRITION + GROWTH CH 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

CHONPS

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2
Q

Define Nutrient

A

Substances taken from the environment and used in the cell

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3
Q

Define Phototrophs

A

Microbes that photosynthesize

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3
Q

Define Essential Nutrient

A

Must be provided for the organisms survival

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4
Q

Define Chemotrophs

A

Microbes that gain energy from chemical compounds

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5
Q

Define Autotrophs

A

Microbes that make thier own resources from elements and raw materials

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6
Q

Define Heterotroph

A

Must consume other organsims to gain resources

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7
Q

Organic Nutrient

A

Contains Carbon and Hydrogen in the same molecule

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8
Q

Inorganic Nutrients

A

Does not contain both Carbon and Hydrogen in the same molecule

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9
Q

How do Heterotrophs obtain carbon? Is it organic or inorganic?

A

Heterotrophs consume other organisms for carbon

This is an organic from because all organisms are organic

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10
Q

How do Autotrops obtain carbon? Is it organic or inorganic?

A

These are self feeders they get carbon from carbon dioxide in the environment

Because carbon dioxide does not have hydrogen, it is inorganic

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11
Q

Algae is an example of a ____troph

A

Photoautotroph
Captures energy from light and from the environment (self)

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12
Q

Animals, Protozoans, and Fungi are examples of ___troph

A

Chemoheterotroph
Gain energy from chemical compounds + Other Organisms

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13
Q

Define Diffusion

A

The movement of molecule from a high to low concentration

Cube of sugar in hot coffee

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14
Q

Define the two types of chemoheterotrophs

A

They derive nutrients from chemical componds and other organisms

Saprobe - Consumes dead tissue (decomposers)
Parasite - Consume tissue from a living host

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15
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

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16
Q

Isotonic. Which way does water flow?

A

The concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal
Water does not move

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17
Q

Hypertonic. Which way does water flow?

A

The concentration outside of the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell
Water moves out of the cell

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18
Q

Hypotonic. Which way does water flow?

A

The concentration inside the cell is higher than the concentration outisde of the cell;
Water moves into the cell

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19
Q

Passive Transport

A

Occurs without energy;
Moves down it’s concentration gradient

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20
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Occurs without energy;
The movement of molecules down its concentration gradient with the assistance of membrane proteins

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21
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of molecules (usually against the concentration gradient) that requires energy (happens much faster than passive transport)

22
Q

A ______ environment has a higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell than inside the cell

A

Hypertonic

23
Q

What are the four environmental factors that influence microbes

A

Heat
Cold
Gases
Other microbes

24
Fastest growth and metabolism happen at what temperature range
Optimal Temperature
25
What are cardinal temperatures? Minimum vs Maximum Temps
The range of temperatures that allow for the growth of microbial species (minimum, optimum, maximum) Minimum Temp - Lowest possible temp for growth and metabolism Maximum Temp - Highest possible temp for growth and metabolism
26
What are mesophiles
The organisms that tend to live in and on us because we are in their optimal temperature range
27
What are the four different oxygen requirements for microbes
Aerobe - Uses oxygen Microaerophile - Use little amounts of Oxygen Facultative anaerobe - Can give or take Oxygen Anaerobe - Die in the presence of oxygen
28
Identify and describe the results of test tube 1
Only grows at the top where oxygen is Obligate aerobe (oxygen is a must)
29
Identify and describe the results of test tube 2
Grows at the top and throughout the water Facultative Anaerobe
30
Identify and describe the results of test tube 3
Grows at the top and throughout the water Facultative Anaerobe
31
Identify and describe the results of test tube 4
Only grows in the absence of oxygen Obligate Anaerobe
32
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS: Symbiosis
Two organisms that live in close relationship where at least one requires the other to survive
33
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS: Nonsymbiotic
Two organisms that live in close relationship but neither require each other to live
34
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS: Mutualism
Symbiotic Relationship benefits both organisms (+/+)
35
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS: Commensalism
Symbiotic Relationship Benefits one but not the other (+/o)
36
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS: Parasitism
Symbiotic Relationship benefits one and harms the other (+/-)
37
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS: Antagonism
Nonsymbiotic Arises when members of a community compete (-/-)
38
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS: Synergism
Nonsymbiotic A relationship that benefits both but is not required (+/+)
39
If a bacteria lives on your skin and causes no harm or benefit to you is an example of what type of relationship
Commensalism (+/o) Benefits one but not the other
40
A helminth eats the body of the host causing pain and inflammation to the host is an example of what type of relationship
Parasitic (+/-)
41
Define generation time or doubling time
The time required for a population to double (how long it takes for one cell to become 2)
42
Describe the steps of PCR
Denature: Heat up DNA strands to separate them Annealing: Cool down DNA so primers can bind Extension: Make a copy of the DNA using DNA polymerase Repeat DAER Uses DNA to detect changes within DNA
43
How can we measure growth in liquid broth
Use light to measure turbidity (how much light goes through a tube)
44
Coulter Counter vs Flow Cytometer
Coulter Counter: Filters and counts the amount of cells in a sample Flow Cytometer: Filters, counts, and identifies the types of cells in a sample based on cell size
45
Photoautotroph
Photosynthesize AND make their own resources from acquired nutrients
46
Chemoheterotroph
Get nutrients from chemical compounts and other organisms
47
Parasitic microorganisms are considered _______
Pathogenic
48
Phagocytosis vs Pinocytosis vs Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
Phagocytosis - Eating particles Pinocytosis - Drinking ecf to learn about the environment a cell is in Receptor Mediated Endocytosis - Bind to receptors and allow a molecule in the cell
49
What is the epitome of synergistic relationships?
Biofilms
50
Pathogenic microboes have an optimum growth range of:
30-40 *C
51
How do prokaryotes divide? Describe this process
Binary fission; everything in the cell is duplicated and it forms a septum to split the single cell into two cells
52

BIO 2104 (10 decks)

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