Physical and Mental Demands of Performance

Question 1

What is local muscular fatigue?

Answer 1

When a group of muscles is tired and unable to carry on contracting

Question 2

Give 2 effects of fatigue on performance

Answer 2

Muscles get tired and sore, unable to keep working
Reduced concentration
Skill level decreases as speed and strength decreases

Question 3

Define stress

Answer 3

The body’s reaction to change which requires a physical or emotional adjustment

Question 4

List 3 effects of stress on the body

Answer 4

Stress could result in:
Tension- causing the muscles to tighten
Anxiety- could feel worried about a performance and make mistakes
Nerves could make you feel sick
Motivation could decrease

Question 5

Define motivation and explain how it improves performance

Answer 5

The drive to succeed and achieve something. Can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Increased motivation means you will train more and try harder, developing your fitness and skills

Question 6

What are the 2 types of injuries

Answer 6

Internally caused injuries

Externally caused injuries

Question 7

Give an example of the 2 types of internally caused injuries

Answer 7

Overuse injuries- stress fractures, shin splints, tennis elbow (from repetitive action sports)
Sudden injuries- sprains and sprains

Question 8

List 4 factors that can result in externally caused injuries

Answer 8

Foul play- such as a studs up tackle
Equipment/clothing- damaged/faulty equipment or poorly fitting or inappropriate clothing or trainers
Accidents

Question 9

Which 3 precautions should you take before exercising

Answer 9

Risk assessment should be carried out and followed up
Warm ups should be carried out
All rules and codes of conduct should be followed

Question 10

Head injuries can result in

Answer 10

concussion

Question 11

A rapid cooling of the body is known as

Answer 11

hypothermia

Question 12

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

Answer 12

Strain- injury to a MUSCLE from overstretching

Sprain- injury to a JOINT where ligaments are damaged due to a twisting motion

Question 13

How do you treat soft tissue injuries?

Answer 13

RICE
Rest (stop playing)
Ice (apply ice, 20mins on/off= reduces swelling/pain)
Compression (apply a bandage= support/reduces swelling)
Elevation (raise it to reduce swelling)

Question 14

glucose + oxygen -> ENERGY + CO2 + H2O is the equation for

Answer 14

Aerobic respiration

Question 15

Describe the path of the oxygen from outside the body to the bloodstream

Answer 15

Nose/mouth -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli -> gas exchange into capillaries

Question 16

What is gas exchange and which 2 places does it occur

Answer 16

The process where oxygen is taken in from the air and exchanged for carbon dioxide
Alveoli
Tissues

Question 17

Describe the action of breathing in (inspiration)

Answer 17

intercostal muscles contact
lifts ribs up and out
diaphragm contracts and flattens
= larger chest cavity
=air is sucked in to the lungs

Question 18

These are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place

Answer 18

alveloi

Question 19

glucose -> ENERGY + lactic acid is the equation for

Answer 19

anaerobic respiration

Question 20

What is glycogen?

Answer 20

The main form of carbohydrate storage in the muscles and liver.

Question 21

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 21

When we exercise anaerobically, we are not bringing in enough oxygen to provide energy and causes a build up of lactic acid. This builds up a debt that we repay at the end of exercise by breathing heavily when we finish working

Question 22

This is a mild poison that is a waste product of anaerobic exercise

Answer 22

lactic acid

Question 23

What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 23

Transports O2, Co2 and nutrients
Protection- WBCs fight infection
Controls body temperature- blood is shunted to the skin to release heat

Question 24

These are elastic blood vessels that transport oxygen rich blood away from the heart

Answer 24

arteries

Question 25

Describe veins

Answer 25

thin, less elastic and have valves to prevent back flow

Question 26

These blood vessels are 1 cell thick to allow for gas exchange

Answer 26

capillaries

Question 27

List the 4 parts of the blood and describe their function

Answer 27

RBCs- transport O2
WBCs- fight infection
Plasma- carries H20 and nutrients
Platelets- clot the blood

Question 28

Why is the heart known as a double pump?

Answer 28

It has 2 separate circuits:
Pulmonary- heart -> lungs -> heart
Systemic- heart -> body -> heart

Question 29

What is cardiovascular endurance?

Answer 29

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the muscles for long periods of time at medium intensity

Question 30

What are the components of the circulatory system?

Answer 30

The heart
Blood vessels
The blood

Question 31

List 3 immediate effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system

Answer 31

Increased breathing rate
Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure

Question 32

Name 2 ways can you test your cardiovascular endurance

Answer 32

Resting heart rate
Pulse recovery rate
Multi stage fitness test/ 12 min Cooper run/ Harvard step test