Health, Fitness and a Healthy Active Lifestyle

Question 1

Define fitness

Answer 1

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

Question 2

Define general fitness

Answer 2

Being able to complete everyday tasks without fatigue. Includes:
strength (carrying the shopping)
speed (run for the bus)
stamina (walking up stairs)
suppleness (tying your laces)

Question 3

What is specific fitness?

Answer 3

Meeting the demands of a particular sport. For example, a footballer will need: 
speed
cardiovascular endurance
explosive strength
dynamic strength
coordination
agility
balance

Question 4

Define what it means to be healthy

Answer 4

A complete state of physical, social and mental well being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 5

List the factors that affect health.

Answer 5

Remember PLEASED:
Personal hygeine
Lifestyle
Emotional health
Alcohol and drug use
Safety
Environment
Diet

Question 6

List the factors that affect fitness.

Answer 6

Remember HIPDAD:
Height weight and somatotype
Illness and injury
Psychological factors
Diet
Age
Disability

Question 7

This means you are being physically inactive

Answer 7

sedentary

Question 8

List 2 good exercise habits

Answer 8

Walk or cycle instead of driving or catching the bus

Use the stairs instead of the lift

Question 9

List 5 benefits of exercise

Answer 9

Improved body shape
Stress release
Sleep better
Reduces the risk of illness and disease
tones muscles and improves posture
Helps builds stamina, strength and flexibility

Question 10

List 3 short term effects of exercise

Answer 10

Increased heart rate
increased breathing rate
reddening of the skin (to release heat)
feeling of fatigue in the muscles

Question 11

Movement is one function of the skeleton. Name 3 others.

Answer 11

Shape
support
protection
blood cell production

Question 12

Name and give an example of the 4 types of bones found in the skeleton

Answer 12

Long bones- femur
Short bones- carpals
Flat bones- cranium
Irregular bones- vertebrae

Question 13

What are tendons and what is their function?

Answer 13

A very strong, non- elastic cord that connects muscle to bone, allowing movement.

Question 14

What does cartilage do?

Answer 14

Is a tough but flexible tissue on the end of bones that acts as a shock absorber for a joint

Question 15

What is the function of ligaments

Answer 15

Connects bone to bone to create stability at a joint

Question 16

Explain how the muscular and skeletal systems work together to create movement (5marks)

Answer 16

Muscles are joined to the bone by tendons.
Muscles can only pull and work in antagonistic pairs.
As the prime mover contracts and shortens, the antagonist relaxes, allowing the movement to occur
eg the biceps contracts whilst the tricep relaxes, allowing elbow flexion.

Question 17

Name the 3 types of joint in the body

Answer 17

Freely movable (synovial joints)
Slightly movable
Immovable

Question 18

Where would you find the following synovial joints?
Ball and socket
Hinge

Answer 18

Ball and socket- hip, shoulder

Hinge- knee

Question 19

Taking a limb away from the midline of the body is called

Answer 19

Abduction

Question 20

Bending the leg preparing to kick a football is an example of

Answer 20

Flexion

Question 21

Define extension of a joint

Answer 21

Increasing the joint angle, straightening

Question 22

What are the 3 types of muscle found in the body?

Answer 22

Skeletal (voluntary)
Cardiac
Involuntary

Question 23

Which muscle is the prime mover in elbow flexion

Answer 23

biceps

Question 24

Name 2 ways that exercise improves the muscular system

Answer 24

Improves muscle tone
Improves posture
Improves strength
Improves strength of ligaments and cartilage

Question 25

The muscle that contracts and shortens to create a movement is called the ____________

Answer 25

prime mover or agonist

Question 26

The muscle that relaxes and lengthens to allow a movement to take place is called the ___________

Answer 26

antagonist

Question 27

A concentric muscle contraction is when _______

Answer 27

a muscle works while it shortens, eg the biceps whilst performing a dumbell curl

Question 28

What is an eccentric muscle contraction

Answer 28

When a muscle is working whilst lengthening. eg the biceps when you slowly lower a weight

Question 29

What is an isometric muscle contraction? Give an example from gymnastics

Answer 29

When your muscles are working but not changing length. eg. an athlete holding the crucifix position on the rings in gymnastics

Question 30

These muscles flex your trunk during a sit up

Answer 30

abdominals

Question 31

This is the heart shaped muscle that is located at the back of the lower leg

Answer 31

gastrocnemius

Question 32

Agility is a combination of

Answer 32

speed and flexibility