Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour & Determinants

Question 1

physical activity vs exercise

Answer 1

Question 2

ways of measuring physical activity & exercise

Answer 2

objective assessment
- accelerometer / pedometer
- gives indication of intensity not types of activity

subjective assessment
- questionnaire
- gives info about types of activities
- relies on recall

Question 3

Physical activity subjective assessments

Answer 3

• physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE)
• international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)
• general practice physical activity questionnaire (GPPAQ)

Question 4

definition of sport

Answer 4

an activity involving physical exertion & skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment

Question 5

health-related fitness vs skill-related fitness

Answer 5

Question 6

sedentary behaviour

Answer 6

• sitting or lying down
• behaviour different from physical activity
• independent of physical activity

Question 7

health links to sedentary behaviour

Answer 7

• cardiovascular disease mortality
• cancer risk
• metabolic disorders
• diabetes mellitus
• hypertension
• musculoskeletal disorders (osteoporosis)
• mental health disorders (depression)

Question 8

measuring sedentary behaviour

Answer 8

• total amount of time sitting
• bouts of sitting time & breaking up sitting time

Question 9

ACUSIT study protocol

Answer 9

observed effects of sedentary behaviour in elderly people

Question 10

effect of sedentary behaviour on cardiovascular function

Answer 10

• acute effect on systolic, diastolic & mean arterial pressure
• negatively effects CV function
• worse effect the higher prolonged sitting time is

Question 11

Profile Of Mood Subscales (POMS)

Answer 11

assessment for mood

Question 12

effect of sedentary behaviour on mood

Answer 12

• significant increase in fatigue
• significant decrease in vigour (enthusiasm)
• tendency to be less friendly the more prolonged the time

Question 13

how much physical activity do we need to achieve health benefits?

Answer 13

• at least 150 minutes moderate intensity a week (swim, brisk walk, cycle)
• at least 75 minutes vigorous intensity a week (run, stairs, sport)

Question 14

Panza et al (2019) study

Answer 14

• linking physical activity intensity, psychological health & wellbeing
• positive mental health & wellbeing benefits

Question 15

Chekroud et al (2018)

Answer 15

• previous depression diagnosis pre & post exercise
• mental health benefits from exercise

Question 16

Hamer et al (2017)

Answer 16

• psychological distress caused by inactivity vs adults who regularly exercise on weekends

Question 17

Fleming & Herring (2018)

Answer 17

Pilates had benefits for mental health (anxiety, depression & fatigue)

Question 18

Xiang et al (2017)

Answer 18

Tai Chi could be beneficial for treating fatigue

Question 19

effects of exercise on children, adults & older adults

Answer 19

Question 20

determinants of physical exercise

Answer 20

• gender
• age
• ethnicity
• disabilities
• time
• energy
• motivation
• skill
• cost
• facilities
• illness/injury
• transport

Question 21

World Health Organisation - physical activity global action plan

Answer 21

Question 22

effect of covid on physical activity

Answer 22

• increase in walking for leisure
• increase in cycling
• increase in running/athletics
• sport participation decrease (social isolation)

Question 23

ecological model

Answer 23

• integration of different behavioural theories & models
• inter-relationships between individuals & their environment (social & physical environment)

Question 24

Bauman et al (2012) Ecological model

Answer 24

Question 25

correlates & determinants

Answer 25

- statistical association = no causality - longitudinal research = causal associations

Question 26

Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Research Institute findings

Answer 26

greatest barriers for leading an active lifestyle: - lack of skill - lack of energy - lack of motivation - long-term illness or injury

Question 27

2 main determinants for physical activity

Answer 27

individual & environment factors

Question 28

psychological determinants are...

Answer 28

...modifiable

Question 29

Transtheoretical model

Answer 29

Question 30

adoption (action) & adherence (maintenance) = self-efficacy

Answer 30

- reflecting confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behaviour & social environment - using self-efficacy as a source of self motivation & self belief

Question 31

Zamarripa et al (2018) = autonomous motivation

Answer 31

- analysed variations in behavioural regulations using the stages of change model

Question 32

strategies for enhancing exercise adoption & adherence

Answer 32

- behavioural modification - cognitive-behavioural -decision making - social support - reinforcement - intrinsic

Question 33

behaviour modification approaches

Answer 33

behavioural contract (specifies expectations & responsibilities) - goals - dates - consequences prompts (cue that initiates a behaviour) - verbal - physical - symbolic

Question 34

Kerr et al (2001) = preventive medicine

Answer 34

Question 35

Martin et el. (1984)

Answer 35

cognitive behavioural approaches - exercise class participants - participants set their own flexible goals - attendance = 83% & 47% still exercising 3-months after programme

Question 36

Decision making approaches = cost vs benefits

Answer 36

Question 37

Social support approaches

Answer 37

- family / friends = can influence physical activity engagement in many ways - verbal reminders - practical assistance (transport, equipment)

Question 38

reinforcement approaches

Answer 38

- feedback - rewards

Question 39

intrinsic approaches

Answer 39

intrinsic motivation = due to inherent interes, fun, enjoyment from the activity - focus on the experience itself - focus on the process

Question 40

Michie et al (2013) = Behaviour change

Answer 40

behaviour modification strategies = behaviour change techniques = behaviour change taxonomy