Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour & Determinants Flashcards
physical activity vs exercise
ways of measuring physical activity & exercise
objective assessment
- accelerometer / pedometer
- gives indication of intensity not types of activity
subjective assessment
- questionnaire
- gives info about types of activities
- relies on recall
Physical activity subjective assessments
- physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE)
- international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)
- general practice physical activity questionnaire (GPPAQ)
definition of sport
an activity involving physical exertion & skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment
health-related fitness vs skill-related fitness
sedentary behaviour
- sitting or lying down
- behaviour different from physical activity
- independent of physical activity
health links to sedentary behaviour
- cardiovascular disease mortality
- cancer risk
- metabolic disorders
- diabetes mellitus
- hypertension
- musculoskeletal disorders (osteoporosis)
- mental health disorders (depression)
measuring sedentary behaviour
- total amount of time sitting
- bouts of sitting time & breaking up sitting time
ACUSIT study protocol
observed effects of sedentary behaviour in elderly people
effect of sedentary behaviour on cardiovascular function
- acute effect on systolic, diastolic & mean arterial pressure
- negatively effects CV function
- worse effect the higher prolonged sitting time is
Profile Of Mood Subscales (POMS)
assessment for mood
effect of sedentary behaviour on mood
- significant increase in fatigue
- significant decrease in vigour (enthusiasm)
- tendency to be less friendly the more prolonged the time
how much physical activity do we need to achieve health benefits?
- at least 150 minutes moderate intensity a week (swim, brisk walk, cycle)
- at least 75 minutes vigorous intensity a week (run, stairs, sport)
Panza et al (2019) study
- linking physical activity intensity, psychological health & wellbeing
- positive mental health & wellbeing benefits
Chekroud et al (2018)
- previous depression diagnosis pre & post exercise
- mental health benefits from exercise
Hamer et al (2017)
- psychological distress caused by inactivity vs adults who regularly exercise on weekends
Fleming & Herring (2018)
Pilates had benefits for mental health (anxiety, depression & fatigue)
Xiang et al (2017)
Tai Chi could be beneficial for treating fatigue
effects of exercise on children, adults & older adults
determinants of physical exercise
- gender
- age
- ethnicity
- disabilities
- time
- energy
- motivation
- skill
- cost
- facilities
- illness/injury
- transport
World Health Organisation - physical activity global action plan
effect of covid on physical activity
- increase in walking for leisure
- increase in cycling
- increase in running/athletics
- sport participation decrease (social isolation)
ecological model
- integration of different behavioural theories & models
- inter-relationships between individuals & their environment (social & physical environment)
Bauman et al (2012) Ecological model
correlates & determinants
- statistical association = no causality
- longitudinal research = causal associations
Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Research Institute findings
greatest barriers for leading an active lifestyle:
- lack of skill
- lack of energy
- lack of motivation
- long-term illness or injury
2 main determinants for physical activity
individual & environment factors
psychological determinants are…
…modifiable
Transtheoretical model
adoption (action) & adherence (maintenance) = self-efficacy
- reflecting confidence in the ability to exert control over one’s own motivation, behaviour & social environment
- using self-efficacy as a source of self motivation & self belief
Zamarripa et al (2018) = autonomous motivation
- analysed variations in behavioural regulations using the stages of change model
strategies for enhancing exercise adoption & adherence
- behavioural modification
- cognitive-behavioural
-decision making - social support
- reinforcement
- intrinsic
behaviour modification approaches
behavioural contract (specifies expectations & responsibilities)
- goals
- dates
- consequences
prompts (cue that initiates a behaviour)
- verbal
- physical
- symbolic
Kerr et al (2001) = preventive medicine
Martin et el. (1984)
cognitive behavioural approaches
- exercise class participants
- participants set their own flexible goals
- attendance = 83% & 47% still exercising 3-months after programme
Decision making approaches = cost vs benefits
Social support approaches
- family / friends = can influence physical activity engagement in many ways
- verbal reminders
- practical assistance (transport, equipment)
reinforcement approaches
- feedback
- rewards
intrinsic approaches
intrinsic motivation = due to inherent interes, fun, enjoyment from the activity
- focus on the experience itself
- focus on the process
Michie et al (2013) = Behaviour change
behaviour modification strategies = behaviour change techniques = behaviour change taxonomy
