Arousal & Anxiety Flashcards
arousal
a state of activation that varies on a continuum from deep sleep to intense excitement
anxiety
negative emotional state with feelings of nervousness & worry
cognitive anxiety
- mental components of anxiety
- worry, negative thoughts, nervousness
somatic anxiety
- perception of physical state
- increased respiration, HR, sweating, shakes
Theories of Arousal & Anxiety
- Drive theory
- Inverted U theory
- Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)
- Multidimensional Anxiety theory
- Catastrophe theory
- Control model of anxiety
Drive Theory
-arousal increases the likelihood that the dominant response will occur
- performance = Habit (skill level) x Drive (arousal)
Inverted U Thoery
Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)
- each athlete has a zone of optimal anxiety in which they perform best
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
distinguishes between cognitive & somatic anxiety
Catastrophe Theory
once disruption happens, athletes have to regain control of arousal
Control Model of Anxiety
distinguishes the positive/negative outcome of anxiety based on control
Limitation of Drive Theory
- too simplistic
- predictions often fall short
Limitations of Inverted U Theory
- unlikely that performance decreases in a smooth declining arc
- over arousal more likely to lead to a vertical plummet
Limitations of IZOF
- doesn’t explain why some perform better under certain emotional states while others don’t
- doesn’t explain the variation in performance for the same athlete experiencing the same emotion intensity
Limitations of Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
- assumes cognitive anxiety as bad
- assumes there is a smooth decline in performance (not always the case)
Physiological measures vs Self-report questionnaires
How Arousal & Anxiety Influence Performance
