Physci- Models Of The Universe Flashcards
Plato (teacher) and Aristotle (student)
Geocentric model
base on senses and sight
- Earth is the center of the universe
Geocentric
- imperfect, changeable earth (because of the seasons)
Geocentric model
- Perfect heavens (describe by spheres)
- ——— model is later tied to the teachings of the Christian religion
Geocentric model
He expanded Exodus Model to use 55 spheres
Aristotle
- introduced a major revision of the geocentric model in order to account for retrograde motion, the apparent occasional backward motion of planets through sky
Claudius ptolemy
offset the earth from the center of the orbit of the Sun and Moon. Thus, at some places in the orbit the Sun or Moon would be closer to us and appear bigger in the sky who is this?
Ptolemy
Heliocentric model comtributers
Aristarchus, Copernicus, Galileo
Greek astronomers and mathematician
- Earth revolves around the Sun
- Sun is way bigger than earth
- Based his theory with the study of Hipparchus
- Rejected the geocentric model of Plato
Aristarchus
- revised the concept provided by
Aristarchus - Why could he not open? His parents are part of the church, keeping his opinions on his own
- he died keeping this as a secret
- it took 21 years for Galileo
- Cold Case: no more evidences to push
Nicolaus copernicus
Questioned by the church (pope/high
priest)
- contradict Aristotle geocentric model
- didn’t win his case, and was house arrest until the end of his life
Galileo
pave way foe Heliocentric Model to be
accepted
- He wasn’t question by the church because he has different religion
Johannes kepler
Series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when development in math, physics, astronomy.
Scientific revolution
The development if an experimental, scientific method that sought definite answer to certain limited questions couched in the framework of specific theories and the acceptance of new criteria for explanation, stressing the “how” rather than “why”
Scientific revolution
Keppler’s Law of Planetary Motion
- All orbiting objects travel along elliptical (not perfect circle)
- Objects speed up when they are close to the sun
It takes how many months to go to mars
7 months
earth is center of universe. The sun, moon and stars revolve around the earth. And all other planets within our solar system revolve around the sun.
Who invented dis
Tycho Brahe
The more massive the object the more
gravity it has
- Sun has more gravity
Isaac newton
Who ended the long standing debate of the model of the universe?
Isaac newton
What did isaac newton contribute?
Law of universal gravitation
Disproving old belief: what is the first one?
falling objects
What did galileo state about the first arguement?
Galileo: Objects will fall at the same rate, irrespective of their mass
Galileo’s theory on falling objects may be correct if these things were not present
Air resistance
What did galileo do to prove his theory about falling objects?
leaning tower of Pisa, he throw rock 100- 1000x, he get the average
What did galileo want to do about the first arguement?
He wanted to prove the rate of fall or acceleration of an object is independent of their mass
Aristotle’s statement about the first arguement?
Aristotle: heavier objects fall at a quicker rate than lighter objects
Disproving belief: what is the second argument about?
Motion
Aristotle’s statements about motion?
Objects do not move without a force
- Objects in motion always require a force to keep them moving
- Objects seek their natural state, which is at rest - Mechanical equilibrium can only be static
The opposing force that stops motion?
Friction
Galileo’s theory in motion
Theory: Gravity produces constant acceleration - used experiment to draw conclusion
It is the movement or change in location of an object overtime
- It is often describe in terms of
direction, location, and speed
Motion
Every object has a proper place in the universe
Aristotle
Motion of the sun, moon, and
stars: perfect circles
- Sun, Moon and stars formed of
perfect, incorruptible substance
What kind of motion
Celestial motion
Sun, Moon and stars formed of
perfect, incorruptible substance
called
Ether
This motion is different from
anything on the Earth.
Celestial motion
Thought to be either straight up
or straight down
What kind of motion?
Natural motion
Solid objects (or liquids) fall
because they seek their natural resting place which is the center of the Earth
What kind of motion?
Natural motion
Boulders on the ground
- Air, smoke and flames like to
rise upwards
- Heavy things fall and very light
things rise
What kind of motion?
Natural motion
Impose motion: Horizontal Motion
- It was the result of forces that pushed or pulled
What kind of motion?
Violent motion
It had an external cause, object in their natural resting places could not move by themselves. What kind of motion?
Violent motion
An arrow shot from bow and a rock or stone thrown at an angle
What kind of motion?
Is the force that acts between materials that touch as they move past each other
- It caused by the irregularities in the surfaces of objects that are touching
Friction
a type of motion wherein no other external forces aside from gravity influences the acceleration of an object
Free fall
It states that “Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is directly proportional to product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of distance between them
Universal law of gravitation
Free fall value
9.8 m/s^2
Formula of force
F= G m1 m2/ r^2
Gravitational constant
= 6.668x10^-8 dynes cm2/g2
= or 6.67x10^-11 N m2/kg2
We see the world by sending “something” out of our eyes and that reflect from the objects
According to?
Aristotle
is collected by small probes from our
eyes and returns to it
Light
Light is a particle
- Streams of tiny particles moving in all
direction from source His idea was accepted
Who is stated?
Isaac newton
In the 17th century, some properties of light were already known
a. Light has different colors
b. Light can travel through
vacuum
c. Light can be reflected and
refracted
Light travels in waves in all direction
- Each point on the wave front of a
disturbance was considered to be a new
source
- wave are disturbances
- for him light scatters
Christian hyugens
Light combines/overlaps/cancels
What is this?
Interference
Who discovered interference?
Thomas young
Who discovered electromagnetic waves?
Maxwell
Explains colors of hot objects with new idea of “quanta” (“photon”) of light energy
Who discovered this?
Max planck
We have two contradictory pictures of
reality separately neither of them fully explains the phenomena of light but together they do
To conclude…
➢ Lighth as dual nature
➢ Light as aparticle
➢ Light as a wave
Who discovered this?
Albert einstein
Mass in motion
Momentum
Kepler’s law of planetary motion
- Orbit are ellipses
- The line joining the planet and the sun of a planet sweeps equal areas equal intervals of time
Gravity value
9.8 m/s^2
3 laws of motion
Law of inertia
Law of acceleration
Law of action
An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain at constant speed unless acted by an unbalanced force. Which law
Law of intertia
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of an object
Which law?
Law of acceleration
Every action has an equal opposite reaction
Third law
