Oralcom Reviewer Flashcards
LESSON 1: LANGUAGE AND SPEECH ACTS, consist of?
Locutionary acts
Illocutionary acts
Perlocutionary acts
uttering a certain sentence with a certain meaning in a traditional sense; utter and meaning.
o The room is dark. What kind of act?
Locutionary acts
the speaker has control.
o It’s so dark in the room. What kind of acts?
Illocutionary acts
the result or the action.
o The action you’ll do, maybe open the lights. What kind of acts?
Perlocutionary acts
Communication strategies
MTCA UWLF CAU
- Message abandonment
- Topic Avoidance
- Circumlocution
- Approximation
- Use of all-purpose words
- Word Coinage
- Literal Translation
- Foreignizing
- Code switching
- Appeal for help
- Use of fillers
INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS
A FREE FLOWING DISCUSSION
Conitive Factors of Informal Discussions
Identify and articulate objectives
Create an inclusive environment
Plan ahead by asking the right questions
Provide direction and maintain focus
Bring closure
Make sure the purpose of the discussion is clear to all participants and then form your plan
Make sure that all the members understand the goals
What kind of cognitive factor in informal discussion?
Identify and articulate objectives
Treat groupmates with respect and consideration and don’t play favorites by letting only a few dominate the discussion.
Don’t exclude others from understanding the context of the discussion or make them feel uncomfortable.
Don’t use disrespectful language (verbal or nonverbal)
What kind cognitive factor in informal discussion?
Create an inclusive environment
By asking the right questions depending on your purpose, members can be eased into a prodductive discussion. What kind of cognitive factor in informal discussion?
Plan ahead by asking the right questions
Discussion tend to be most productive when all the members of the group are clearly focused.
Summarize key issues occasionally as you go and refocus attention. What kind of cognitive factor in informal discussions?
Provide direction and maintain focus
Synthesizing the discussion is a critical step.
It allows everyone to see the progress done toward meeting the discussion goals.
What kind of cognitive factor in informal discussion?
Bring closure
Follows a fixed order of business. It is the best way to get things done.
Formal discussion
Parts of formal discussion
CRRO SUNAA
Call to order
Roll call
Reading of minutes
Officers’ or committee reports
Special orders
Unfinished business
New business
Announcements
Adjournment
M
Members express themselves by moving motions, what are the parts in moving motions?
CSDV
Call to order
second motions
Debate motions
Vote on motions
A signal that the meeting is about to begin by the president. What part of parliamentary procedure?
Call to order
An attendance sheet done by the secretary, what part of parliamentary procedure?
Roll call
to save time, the minutes may be circulated beforehand for corrections, comments, and
approval done by the secretary. What part of the parliamentary procedure?
Reading of the minutes
as needed or if part of the agenda.
Standing – long term.
Special – short term.
What part of parliamentary procedure?
Officers’ or committe reports
important business previously designated for consideration at the meeting. What part of parliamentary procedure?
Special orders
matter that need to be decided on. What part of parliamentary procedure?
Unfinished business
Issues that are up for discussions. What kind of parliamentary procedure?
New business
Reminders or matter that everyone needs to know. What part of parliamentary discussion?
Announcements
Formal closing of the meeting. What part of the parliamentary procedure?
Adjournment
Used to put the discussion back on track. What part of the parliamentary procedure?
Call to order
To approve a motion that has been moved. What kind of parliamentary procedure?
Second Motions
To give isues to be discussed. What part of parliamentary procedure?
Debate motions
To register approval or dissent on a motion. What kind of parliamentary procedure?
Vote on motions
Wait until the last speaker had finished.
o Rise or raise your hand and address the chairperson as
“Mr./Ms. Chairperson or Mr./Ms. President” o Wait until the chairperson recognizes you.
What part of presenting motions?
Obtaining the floor
Speak in a clear and concise manner.
o Always state a motion affirmatively. Say “I move that we…”
o Avoid personalities, explain clearly, and stay on your subject.
Waiting for someone to second your motion
What part of presenting motions?
Making your motions
The time for you to speak in favor of your motion.
o The mover is always allowed to speak first.
o Keep t the time limit for speaking.
o The mover may speak again only after other speakers are
finished, unless called upon by the chairperson.
o The chairperson asks, “Are you ready to vote on the question?’ o If there is no more discussion, a vote is taken.
o Alternatively, a motion to move the previous question may be adapted. What part of presenting motions?
Expanding on your motion and putting question to membership
the chairperson asks those in favor to say, “aye,” those opposed to say “no.” Any member may move for an exact count. What type of voting in motion?
By voice
each member answers “yes” or “no” as his name is called This method is used when a record of each person’s vote is required. What type of voting on a motion?
By roll call
when a motion is not likely to be op- posed, the chairperson says, “if there is no objection…” The membership shows agreement by their silence; however, if one member says, “I object,” the item must be put to a vote. What type of voting on motion?
By general consent
this is to verify a voice vote. It does not require a count unless the chairperson so desires. Members raise their hands or stand. What kind of voting in motion?
By division
Members write their vote on a slpi of paper; this method is used when secrecy is desired. What kind of voting in motion?
By ballot
often used in the attempt to “kill” a motion. The option is always present; however, to “take from the
table,” for reconsideration by the membership. What kind of voting in motion?
Motion to the table
often used as parliamentary strategy and allows opponents of motions to test their strength without an actual vote being taken. Also,
debate is once again open on the main motion. What kind of voting in motion?
Motion to postpone indefinitely
minimum number of members for a meeting.
Quorum
Financial transaction
Treasurer’s report
Values attained in parliamentary discussions
Fairness
Respect
Responsibility
Collaboration
Accountability
Types of speech according to purpose
SM IS PE
Speeches for special ocassions
Memorized
Informative
Demonstrative
Persuasive
Entertaining
Types of speech according to delivery
Impromptu
Extemporenous
Manuscript
This speech can be informative, persuasive or both depending the kind of occasion where it is delivered. What is stated?
Speeches for special occasions
It can be boring so connect with the audience through eye contact. Be animated in reading the speech by varying your intentions, rate, and rhythm, and by pausing once in a while to look at the listeners.
Can also be used in eulogy because emotions are running high and someone is not thinking clearly.
The key to be great in this is that it needs to sound like it was not written out word for word but switching from writing like a writer to writing like a speaker. What kind of speech is stated?
Speeches for special occasions
Usually sounds mechanical and is seldom used or recommended.
This is when you write your speech out word-for-word then you
memorize it then you deliver it with no notes.
What kind of speech?
Memorized
In order to succeed a memorized speech, consider what?
Keep it short and expression in your voice.
Inorder to have a successful sppech for special occasions you should consider?
Focus on key phrases and highlight key words on your
manuscript.
o Practice your speech repeatedly.
o Glance at the highlighted words to remember which idea
comes next.
o Thoroughly familiarize yourself with the substance of your
speech and the sequence of your main points. o Maintain a conversational tone.
o Periodically look at your voice.
This speech provides interesting and useful details to your audience.
Informative
This speech teaches you to do or perform something, examples are cooking demonstration or DIYs.
Demonstrative
This speech aims to convince poeple to change the way they think or do something.
Persuasive
The speech during a ptogram intermission or after dinner is a typical example, the speaker provides pleasure and enjoyment that make the audience laugh or identify with anecdotal information.
Entertaining
This type of speech according to delivery is delivered on the spur of the moment and depends solely on your ability to speak in an instant.
Impromptu
This type of speech according to delivery allows the speaker to prepare her thoughts and mode of delivery. Note cards or short outlines writtten on a small sheet of paper.
Extemporaneous
This type of speech according to delivery, the speaker prepares the manuscript that she has to present. Requires the speaker to read every word in it and makes use of a teleprompter.
Manuscript
A combined feeling of fear and excitement.
Stage fright
According to Mark Twain, an American author and humorist, there are only two types of speakers in the world: the nervous and the liars. We believe that there is a third type: the truthful, confident speaker.
Principles of speech writing
DDKFFD
Deciding on an interesting topic to discuss
Determine your audience and purpose
Know the time and place to deliver your speech
Focus and organize your ideas logically
Find materials for your speech
Draft youe speech
This explains a series of events or developments.
A. Spatial
B. Chronological
C. Cause and effect
D. Problem solution
B. Chronological
This describes the physical setting or arrangement of things
A. Spatial
B. Chronological
C. Cause and effect
D. Problem solution
A. Spatial
This presents an essential problem to be addressed and the possible solution/s to address.
A. Spatial
B. Chronological
C. Cause and effect
D. Problem solution
D. Problem solution
Presents reason/s or cause/s of how certain results or effects have happend.
A. Spatial
B. Chronological
C. Cause and effect
D. Problem solution
C. Cause and effect
Explains the simmilarities and differences of things, people and events.
A. Spatial
B. Compare and contrast
C. Cause and effect
D. Chronological
B. Compare and contrast
Transitions to be considered
Addition of ideas
Contrast of ideas
Importance
Comparison
Chronology
Spatial
Causation and result
This refers to the softness and loudness of the voice,
Volume
His refers to the highness or lowness of the voice
Pitch
Principles of speech delivery
Purposive
Under pressure
Builds up
Logically organized
Inspiring
Contextualized
Sincere
Performed
Engaging
Always prepared
Keeps tha audience’s attention
Inclusive
Not perfect
Helps you gain confidence
Six Cs of public speaking
o Content (what to say)
o Context (occasion, purpose, audience)
o Confidence and Conviction
o Concentration and Practice
o Clothing and grooming
o Choreography (gestures, facial expressions, and body
movements)
The seven deadly sins of public speaking
Sloth
Envy
Lust
Gluttony
Greed
Wrath
Pride
Failing to prepare for your speech or presentation, what kind of deadly sin?
Sloth
Believing that great speakers are born with their skills, what kind of deadly sin?
Envy
Quelling your nerves by picturing the audience naked, what kind of deadly sin?
Lust
Believing that more words,slides,facts and numbers are better. What kind of deadly sin?
Gluttony
Speaking over you alloted time, what kind of deadly sin?
Greed
Rigidly reacting to problems and losing your cool, what kind of deadly sin?
Wrath
Placing yourself ahead of the audience, what kind of deadly sin?
Pride
Principles of effective speech deliver
AMSFR
Articulation
Modulation
Stage presence
Facial expressions, gestures and movements
Rapport with the audience
The speaker’s clarity and accuracy in pronunciation of each word; coherence of ideas in presented in the speech. What kind of principle of effective speech deliver?
ARTICULATION
The changes in the tone or pitch through-out the speech presentation. What kind of principle of effective speech deliver?
Modulation
One’s ability to engage tha audience; physical appreance, grooming and credibility, what kind of principle of effective speech deliver?
Stage presence
Nonverbal cues that play viital roles in capturing the audience’s interest. What kind of effective speech deliver?
Facial expressions, gestures and movements
Speaker’s connection with the audience. What kind of principle of effective speech deliver?
Rapport with the audience
