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ENVR_Invrt > Phylum Platyhelminthes > Flashcards

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system

A

Cephalic ganglia (brain) and long nerve cords

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2
Q

Excretion

A

Protonephridia and osmo-regulation

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3
Q

Gas exchange

A

No lungs, diffusion through skin only

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4
Q

Symmetry

A

Bilateral, dorso-ventrally flattened

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5
Q

Tissue layers

A

Triploblastic

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6
Q

Coelom

A

Acoelomate, no body cavity

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7
Q

Gut

A

Blind gut, one opening

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8
Q

What are the 3 classes in Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

Class Turbellaria - Free living flatworms
Class Trematoda - Flukes
Class Cestoda - Tapeworms

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9
Q

Class Turbellaria Characteristics

A

Free-living, mostly aquatic

  • Predators or scavengers
  • Ciliated epidermis (locomotion)
  • Eversible proboscis/pharynx
  • No circulatory system
  • Hermaphroditic
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10
Q

What are 3 Orders in Class Turbellaria?

A
  • Order Acoela
  • Order Polycladida
  • Order Tricladida
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11
Q

What kind of larvae do Turbellarians have?

A

Miller larvae

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12
Q

Turbellarian regeneration

A

Strange

- Can cut in certain places and will grow back with extra cephalic region (head)

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13
Q

What are the endoparasitic Classes of Platyhelminthes?

A

Class Trematoda - Flukes

Class Cestoda - Tapeworms

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14
Q

What are 3 main adaptations for endoparasitism?

A
  • Modified body walls to protect from host enzymes
  • Strategies to invade hosts with complex life-cycles of definitive and intermediate hosts
  • High reproductive potential with lots of eggs and polyembryony (Asexual duplication of developmental stages )
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of endoparasite body walls?

A
  • Protect from host enzymes and resist host defenses
  • Loss of cilia and reduction of musculature
  • Reduction of sensory structures
  • Nutrient absorption through body wall, not digestion
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16
Q

3 Characteristics of Class Trematoda

A
  • Single mouth
  • Bi-lobed digestive tract
  • Body unsegmented
17
Q

4 Characteristics of Class Cestoda

A
  • Anterior hooked scolex (anchor to host)
  • Division of body into proglottids
  • No digestive tract
  • No mouth
18
Q

Trematode life-cycle

A
  • Miracidium from definitive host feces
  • Infects snails, produces sporocyte
  • Burst from intermediate host (snail)
  • Enter water as Cercaria
  • Infect fish and encyst in muscle
  • Get eaten by definitive host and start cycle again
19
Q

Cestode life-cycle

A
  • Mature segment detaches (gravid proglottid) or releases eggs
  • Definitive host feces infects envr
  • Gets taken up by beef or cow (usually) as intermediate host
  • Encysts in muscle
  • Infected intermediate host is consumed by definitive host
  • Cycle starts again

ENVR_Invrt (10 decks)

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