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ENVR_Invrt > Phylum Annelida > Flashcards

Phylum Annelida Flashcards

1
Q

What Classes/sub-phylums can be found in Annelida?

A

Original: Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinia
Now: Echiuria, Sipunculida
New possible sub-phylums: Vestimentiferans and Pogonophorans

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2
Q

Symmetry

A

Bilateral

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3
Q

Coelom?

A

Eucoelom - body compartments covered by peritoneum

- Originates in Mesoderm

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4
Q

What is metameric segmentation?

A

Serial repetition of segments

Each called a metameer

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5
Q

Muscle characteristics?

A

Circular and Longitudinal

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6
Q

Organ systems

A

Circulatory, respiratory (skin, gills, parapodia), Excretory (nephridia), Nervous (Brain, metameric ganglia, sense organs)

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7
Q

Functions of Coelomic compartments

A
  • Circulation of nutrients and gases
  • Hydrostatic skeleton
  • Excretion and osmoregulation
  • Storage of gametes
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8
Q

What is the locomotory form of Oligochaetes?

A

Peristalsis (similar to how food moves through an esophagus

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9
Q

Annelid reproduction

A
  • Monoecious, or Dioecious
  • Trocophore Larva
  • Some reproduce asexually by budding
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10
Q

Size range of polychaetes

A

> 1mm-3m

Most 5-10cm

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11
Q

Which is the largest class in phylum annelida?

A

0Polychaeta

More than 10,000 species

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12
Q

Describe segments of Polchaetes

A

Segments have parapodia, some with setae and cirri

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13
Q

What are parapodia?

A

Paired paddle-like appendages for locomotion

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14
Q

What is a prostomium?

A

First segment with eyes, palps, and tentacles

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15
Q

What is a peristomium?

A

Second segment surrounding mouth, may bear setae, palps, or chitinous jaws

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16
Q

Habitat of polychaetes

A

Typically marine

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17
Q

Polychaete sex organs

A

Gonads are a temporary swelling of peritoneum

No permanent sex organs

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18
Q

What are Errantia?

A

Free-living crawlers, burrowers, swimmers

: Predatory or vegetarians

19
Q

What is sedentaria?

A

Burrowers or tube dwellers

: Filter or deposit feeders

20
Q

What is Arenicolidae?

A

Lug worm, deposit feeder polychaete

21
Q

Polychaete reproduction

A

Some monoecious: asexual budding
Most dioecious: sexual reproduction
External fertilization in most, copulation and internal in some (swarming common)
Trochophore larva produced

22
Q

Polychaete Habitat

A

All marine, Mainly benthic, on or in hard or soft substrate

Infauna or epifauna

23
Q

Ecological Value of polychaetes

A
  • Important food source for benthic predators like fish and crabs
  • Contribute to recycling of nutrients
  • Structure sediments & provide habitats
24
Q

Example of important ecological interactions of polychaetes

A
  • Shifted ecology from amphipods to polychaetes

- Moved Grey whales out b/c not enough amphipods left to eat

25
Q

What is a Clitellum?

A

A specialized region of the epithelium that secretes a cocoon where embryos develop in Oligochaetes

26
Q

What is the common name of Oligochaete?

A

Earthworms (some aquatic, freshwater)

27
Q

Oligochaeta characteristics

A
  • Lack parapodia, possess setae
  • Have a clitellum
  • Prostomium lacks conspicuous sensory structures such as eyes and tentacles
28
Q

What is Class Hirudinea?

A

Leeches

29
Q

Hirudinea characteristics

A
  • Lack parapodia
  • Lack prostomium sensory structures
  • Have Clitellum
  • Hermaphrodytic
  • Terrestrial (or aquatic freshwater)
30
Q

What are the differentiating characteristics between Oligochaetes and Hirudinea?

A
  • Lack setae (hairs)
  • Body not compartmentalized by septa
  • Posess anterior and posterior suckers
  • Parasitic: Ectoparasites on invertebrates and vertebrates
31
Q

Leech locomotion

A

‘Looping’ using anterior and posterior suckers

32
Q

Why are leeches used medicinally?

A

Maintain bloodflow into re-attached limbs, or restricted bloodflow areas
- Also cosmetics and as tissue building

33
Q

What is the Family Siboglinidae (in Class polychaeta)?

A
  • Skinny deep-water burrowing ‘Bearded’ Worms, differentiated segments (cephalic lobe, trunk, opisthosoma), no guts, segmentation in opisthosoma
34
Q

What are the Sub-families in Siboglinidae?

A

Frenulata and Vestimentifera

35
Q

Sub-family Frenulata?

A

Have symbiotic chemo-autotrophic bacteria in ‘trophosome’.

Ex-pogonophoran

36
Q

Sub-family Vestimentifera?

A

Giant vent worms at deep sea vents
Symbiotic sulfide-oxidizing bacteria in trophosome
Large fused tentacles to transfer sulphides to and oxygen through blood w/ hemoglobin

37
Q

What do the bodies of Vestimentifera have?

A

Tentacles, vestimentum, obturaculum, trunk, opisthosome

- No digestive system

38
Q

Class Echiura (ex-phylum)

A

Spoon/Innkeeper worms

  • all marine
  • unsegmented adults, may have segmentation as embryos
  • molecular data links to annelids
  • ventral nerve cord
  • one pair of setae
  • proboscis and ciliated funnel
  • deposit and suspension feeders
  • Trochophore larva
39
Q

Class Echiura Developement

A

Metameric pattern of neuronal cell bodies along developing ventral nerve cord

40
Q

What is a Urechis?

A

Innkeeper worm

- Called such because of other creatures that live in the worm burrow

41
Q

How do Innkeeper worms feed?

A

A mucous net filters and captures food, the worm then eats the net

42
Q

Characteristics of Class Sipunculida

A
  • All marine
  • Unsegmented always
  • Deposit feeder
  • No setae
  • Eucoelom - Schizoceol
  • Trochophore larva
  • Anterior eversible introvert
  • U-shaped gut
  • Hydraulic compensation sacs for tentacles
  • Molecular link to annelids
43
Q

What is the common name of class sipunculida?

A

Peanut worm

ENVR_Invrt (10 decks)

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