Introduction & Diversity Flashcards

0
Q

What is the largest invertebrate phylum?

A

Arthropoda

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1
Q

What percent of animal species are invertebrate?

A

~95%

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2
Q

Diversity gradient

A

Change of composition, diversity and interactions as you move through an ecosystem.

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3
Q

4 significant statements about animals without backbones

A
  • 90% of animal diversity is backbone less,~1.7million but likely much more at 5-30 million
  • oldest animals are backbone less
  • most resilient and arguably most beautiful
  • diversity significantly affects humans (health, food, economy…)
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4
Q

6 biodiversity values of invertebrates

A
  • ecosystem services
  • food
  • bio indicators
  • pharmaceuticals
  • esthetics
  • right to exist
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5
Q

Bio indicators

A

Measuring tool for impacts on Envr and biological responses

- sea urchin embryos affected by toxicity of mining effluent

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6
Q

Examples of ecosystem services

A
  • pollination
  • waste management
  • quality of water, air and soil
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7
Q

Pharmaceutical capabilities

A

Potential to use invertebrate antibiotic capabilities.

- ownership associated with discovery

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8
Q

Units of biodiversity

A

Species, genus, family, order etc.

- species is lowest common denominator b/c cannot breed outside of species and produce viable offspring

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9
Q

4 characteristics for classification

A
  • morphological
  • physiological mechanisms
  • developmental stages & larval forms
  • molecular similarity, DNA
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10
Q

What are 4 major distinguishing characteristics for classification?

A
  • cells and tissue level of organization
  • symmetry, radial or bilateral
  • blastula development, protostome or deuterostome
  • coelom, eu, pseudo or absent
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11
Q

What is a taxonomic key? Name 2 types.

A
  • Organizes animals based on selected morphological distinguishing characteristics. Must know terminology, geographic regions, and confirm with multiple sources/ images.
  • Dichotomous and Tabular
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12
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

A taxonomic key that has 2 characteristics (or group of characteristics) per decision

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13
Q

Tabular Key

A

A multivariate taxonomic key that has several options at once

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14
Q

What key evolutionary characteristics evolved once?

A
  • Entero vs. Schizocoelae
  • Bilaterality
  • Proto vs. Deuterostomy
  • Trochophore larva
  • Moulting
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15
Q

What key evolutionary characteristics evolved more than once (Analogous)?

A
  • Segmentation (3 times)
  • Coelom (likely?)
  • Radial Symmetry
16
Q

In which phylums did segmentation arise?

A

Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata