Introduction & Diversity

Question 0

What is the largest invertebrate phylum?

Answer 0

Arthropoda

Question 1

What percent of animal species are invertebrate?

Answer 1

~95%

Question 2

Diversity gradient

Answer 2

Change of composition, diversity and interactions as you move through an ecosystem.

Question 3

4 significant statements about animals without backbones

Answer 3

• 90% of animal diversity is backbone less,~1.7million but likely much more at 5-30 million
• oldest animals are backbone less
• most resilient and arguably most beautiful
• diversity significantly affects humans (health, food, economy…)

Question 4

6 biodiversity values of invertebrates

Answer 4

• ecosystem services
• food
• bio indicators
• pharmaceuticals
• esthetics
• right to exist

Question 5

Bio indicators

Answer 5

Measuring tool for impacts on Envr and biological responses

- sea urchin embryos affected by toxicity of mining effluent

Question 6

Examples of ecosystem services

Answer 6

• pollination
• waste management
• quality of water, air and soil

Question 7

Pharmaceutical capabilities

Answer 7

Potential to use invertebrate antibiotic capabilities.

- ownership associated with discovery

Question 8

Units of biodiversity

Answer 8

Species, genus, family, order etc.

- species is lowest common denominator b/c cannot breed outside of species and produce viable offspring

Question 9

4 characteristics for classification

Answer 9

• morphological
• physiological mechanisms
• developmental stages & larval forms
• molecular similarity, DNA

Question 10

What are 4 major distinguishing characteristics for classification?

Answer 10

• cells and tissue level of organization
• symmetry, radial or bilateral
• blastula development, protostome or deuterostome
• coelom, eu, pseudo or absent

Question 11

What is a taxonomic key? Name 2 types.

Answer 11

• Organizes animals based on selected morphological distinguishing characteristics. Must know terminology, geographic regions, and confirm with multiple sources/ images.
• Dichotomous and Tabular

Question 12

Dichotomous Key

Answer 12

A taxonomic key that has 2 characteristics (or group of characteristics) per decision

Question 13

Tabular Key

Answer 13

A multivariate taxonomic key that has several options at once

Question 14

What key evolutionary characteristics evolved once?

Answer 14

• Entero vs. Schizocoelae
• Bilaterality
• Proto vs. Deuterostomy
• Trochophore larva
• Moulting

Question 15

What key evolutionary characteristics evolved more than once (Analogous)?

Answer 15

• Segmentation (3 times)
• Coelom (likely?)
• Radial Symmetry

Question 16

In which phylums did segmentation arise?

Answer 16

Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata