Phylum Arthropoda - Terrestrial, Class Insecta

Question 1

List Arthropod Sub-Phylum taxonomy

Answer 1

Subphylum Trilobitomorpha (extinct)
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Mandibulata

Question 2

List the Classes in Subphylum Chelicerata

Answer 2

• Class Merostomata: Horseshoe crabs
• Class Pycnogonida: Sea spiders
• Class Arachnida: Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions

Question 3

What are the Classes in Subphylum Mandibulata?

Answer 3

Class Myrapodia
Class Insecta
Class Crustacea

Question 4

What are the Orders in Class Myrapodia?

Answer 4

Order Chilopoda: Centipedes
Order Diplopoda: Millipedes
Note: Chilo means pointy?

Question 5

What is Class Hexapoda?

Answer 5

• Class Insecta

- Hexapoda for 6 legs

Question 6

Insect gas exchange

Answer 6

Trachea via spiracles (opening on outside)

Question 7

Insect excretion and water balance

Answer 7

Nitrogenous wastes of uric acid (retains water unlike marine arthropods)
- Uses Malpighian tubules

Question 8

What kind of sensory organs do insects have?

Answer 8

Compound eyes

Ocelli, Sensilla or tympanic organs

Question 9

Describe insect mouths

Answer 9

Mouth with labrum
Pair of mandibles
Maxilla and labium

Question 10

What are ocelli?

Answer 10

Simple eyes

Question 11

What can be found on a general insect head?

Answer 11

Compound eyes
Pair of Antennae
Three ocelli

Question 12

How many pairs of legs and how many wings does an insect have?

Answer 12

3 pairs of legs (6 legs)

2 pairs of wings (4 wings)

Question 13

What is a tagmata?

Answer 13

Fusion of body into super-segments

Question 14

How many tagmata do insects have and what are they?

Answer 14

3

• Head
• Thorax
• Abdomen

Question 15

General morphological development through taxonomy of insects

Answer 15

• Mouth parts
• Sensory apparatus (for life in soil 1st)
• Massive mandibles (carnivorous)
• Wings (Lots of diversification)
• Hemimetabolous to homometabolous

Question 16

What is Hemimetabolous?

Answer 16

• Primative metamorphosis, incomplete
• Nymphs to adults
• Look like adults but only adults have wings and can reproduce
• Have similar diets to adults, only lifestyle changes significantly

Question 17

Which insects are hemimetabolous?

Answer 17

Hemiptera (aphids, cicadids, true bugs)
Mantodea (Mantis)
Blattodea (Cockroaches)
Dermaptera (Earwigs)
Odontata (dragonflies)

Question 18

What is Homometabolous?

Answer 18

• Full metamorphosis
• Only adults reproduce and have wings
• Specialized feeding in different life-stages

Question 19

What is Homometabolous cycle?

Answer 19

Caterpillar/grub/maggot to pupae to adult

Question 20

What insects are Homometabolous?

Answer 20

Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies)
Hymenoptera (wasps, ants, bees)
Diptera (flies)

Question 21

What are 4 important structures of insect mouths?

Answer 21

• Labrum
• Mandible
• Maxillary palp
• Labial palp

Question 22

What are 3 important sensory structures on an insect head?

Answer 22

• Ocelli
• Compound eyes
• Antennae

Question 23

What are 4 important structures on an insect abdomen?

Answer 23

• Malpighian tubules
• Spiracles
• Tympanum
• Wings (fore, and hind)

Question 24

What are 5 ecosystem services performed by some insects?

Answer 24

• Decomposition
• Herbivores cleanse crops
• Food directly and web inputs
• Dispersal agents (disperse seeds)
• POLLINATION! ($57 Billion service)

Question 25

What are some detriments of insects?

Answer 25

• Pests

- Disease vectors

Question 26

What are VIP’s?

Answer 26

Volatile Iso Prenoids

- Used in interactive chemical signalling

Question 27

Facts about Chemical signaling in insects

Answer 27

• Pheromones: Used for alarm, trail finding, behavioural organization, sex attractants
• Other odorants used for food detection and orientation

Question 28

What are pheromones?

Answer 28

Chemical signals within species

Question 29

What are some examples of social insects?

Answer 29

Termites (Isoptera), ants, bees, wasps (Hymenoptera)

- May be colonial but they are functionally independent and morphologically separate.