Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MP222 > phsiology of blood pressure and control of BP through RAS > Flashcards

phsiology of blood pressure and control of BP through RAS Flashcards

1
Q

what does it mean is the blood vessels is dilated?

A

low resistance to flow
low peripheral vascular resistance
low blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the long term response of vascular resistance?

A

Kidneys - regulate loss of Na and water - renin-angiotensin system - important for controlling blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is resistance proportional to?

A

fluid viscosity and length of the vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the flow between two points proportional to?

A

the pressure difference between. those points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are factors effecting arterial bp?

A
  • stroke volume
  • HR
  • peripheral resistance
  • elastic vessels
  • blood volume
  • ventricular ejection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

the maximum arterial pressure reached during ventricular ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

the minimum arterial pressure just before ventricular ejection begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is pulse pressure?

A

the difference between the SP and DP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is mean arterial pressure ?

A

the average pressure across the cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the pre hypertension values for adults over 18?

A

120-139/80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the values for stage one hypertension?

A

140-159/90-99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the values of stage 2 hypertension

A

160 or above/100 or above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why does endothelial cells release bioactive substances?

A

prevent inadvertent thrombus formation - release mediators that inhibit platelet activation

cause relaxation/ contraction of underlying smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are examples of endothelium relaxation factors?

A

Nitric oxide
Prostacylin
Hyper polarising factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are examples of endothelium contraction factors?

A

endothelin
Thromboxane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is arteriolar constriction produced by?

A
  • sympathetic activity
  • circulating noradrenaline
17
Q

what is vascular smooth muscle innervated primarly by?

A

sympathetic nervous system through adrenergic receptors ( alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta 2)

18
Q

how does the baroreceptors act to a change in bp

A
  • Pressure-sensitive receptors on arterial side of the circulation(carotid and aortic arch). Detect amount of stretch in blood vessel and enable short term BP regulation
19
Q

what are examples of treatment of bp?

A

ACE inhibitors (act on renin-angiotensin system)

Calcium channel blockers eg. amlodipine

Diruretics - decrease blood volume and total PVR

Adrenoceptor blockers - alpha blockers prevent NA induced effects

20
Q

what is the effect of blood loss on MAP?

A

causes a reduction which if left unchecked would result in rapid and irreversible damage to the brain and heart

21
Q

what are the fundamental roles of the kidneys?

A

Filtration
Reabaprbtion
Excretion

22
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

23
Q

what is the main driver of filtration in the kidneys?

A

change in pressure

24
Q

what does the macula densa sense?

A

GFR by the amount of sodium in the filtrate

25
Q

what does juxtaglomerular cells secrete?

A

if pressure goes down renin is released

26
Q

What are juxtaglomerular cells?

A

muscle cells wrapped around the afferent arteriole

27
Q

what is osmolality?

A

solutes in solution (body water-electrolyte balance)

28
Q

what are the most important hormones involved in the control of blood volume?

A
  • ADH (from pituitary gland)
  • angiotensin II
  • aldosterone
  • atrial natriuretic peptide (promotes passing more urine)
29
Q

what does renin cleave?

A

angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I

30
Q

what is ACE?

A

angiotensin converting enzyme
converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

31
Q

what’s the role of aldosterone?

A

promotes sodium reabsorption

32
Q

how does aldosterone stimulate sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion?

A

by the renal tubule

It exerts indirect negative feedback on RAAS by increasing ECV and by lowering plasma K concentration

MP222 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions