neuronal regulation of the cv and rs Flashcards
what are neurotransmitters in the CNS
glutamate
GABA
serotonin
dopamine
noradrenaline
what are neurotransmitters in the PNS
noradrenaline
acetylcholine
what is the autonomic nervous system?
communicated with internal organs and glands
- sympathetic division
-parasympathetic division
what is the somatic nervous system?
communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscle
- sensory (afferent)
-motor (efferent)
what is the response of the sympathetic division and some examples?
fight of flight
- increases hr
- contracts blood vessels
- dilated bronchi
- inhibits mucous secretions
what is the response of the parasympathetic division and their functions?
rest and digest
- reduces hr
- relaxes blood vessels
- contracts bronchi
-increases mucous secretion
what is the stop points in the sympathetic ns called?
ganglia
they send a release of neurotransmitters to target tissue
what receptor does acetylcholine bind to?
muscarinic
what receptor does noradrenaline bind to?
adrenergic receptors
what is vascular smooth muscles innervated primarily by?
sympathetic nervous system through adrenergic receptors (adrenoreceptors)
what are the types of adrenoceptors present in smooth muscle cells
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 2
which adrenoceptors affect the heart ?
beta 1
what adrenoceptors affect the lungs?
beta 2
what adrenoceptors causes constriction ans dilation?
alpha - constricts
beta - dilates
what effect does beta 1 have on hr at the SA node?
increased hr
what effect does alpha 1 receptors have on the intestines?
causes contraction
what does beta 2 do to skeletal muscle in the lungs
dilates the airways
what adrenoceptors cause glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis im the liver?
alpha 1 and beta 2
what increases renin secretion in the kidneys
beta 1
what is dual innervation?
can receive fibres from both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems
how do you calculate cardiac output?
stroke volume x hr
what is stroke volume?
amount of blood in one comtraction
what is an example of an alpha one blocker and what is it used for?
doxazosin
reduces bloood pressure
where is the respiratory centres located?
medulla and pons of brain
what nerve sends impulses to the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
what nerve sends impulses to intercostals muscles
intercostal nerve
what detects carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood and change in breathing rate?
chemoreceptors in the brain, carotid artery and aorta
what do bronchodilators do?
act to dilate the bronchi and bronchioles increasing the airflow to the lungs
what is an example of bronchodilators ?
beta 2 agonists (eg. salbutamol)
anticholinergics (eg. tiotropium)
