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Medicine MD3001 cardiovascular system > Phrenic, Vagus, Sympathetic Trunks and Ganglia > Flashcards

Phrenic, Vagus, Sympathetic Trunks and Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

A

10

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2
Q

what sort of nerve fibres are carried by the vagus nerve?

A

parasympathetic fibres to thoracic and abdominal viscera

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3
Q

where does the vagus nerve originate from?

A

medulla oblongata in the brain stem

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4
Q

which blood vessel does the vagus nerve follow out of the skull?

A

the internal jugular vein

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5
Q

which structure in the neck does the vagus nerve pass into?

A

carotid sheath

in-between internal jugular vein and internal common carotid artery

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6
Q

how does the vagus nerve enter the thoracic inlet?

A

lies in between the venous and arterial planes
posterior to brachiocephalic vein
medial to phrenic nerves

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7
Q

at what vertebral level does the vagus nerve leave the thorax? With what structure?

A
  • T10

- oesophagus

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8
Q

how does the vagus nerve pass the root/hilum of the lung?

A

posteriorly

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9
Q

how does the R vagus relate to the trachea?

A

lies lateral

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10
Q

how does the R vagus relate to the arch of the azygous vein?

A

medial to the arch

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11
Q

what vessels form plexus at the oesophagus?

A

L and R vagus nerves

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12
Q

which nerve passes on the left side of the aortic arch?

A

L vagus

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13
Q

which arteries is the L vagus related to?

A

L common carotid, L subclavian

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14
Q

the recurrent laryngeal nerves are branches of which nerves?

A

vagus nerves

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15
Q

what autonomic plexuses do both the vagus nerves give preganglionic branches to ?

A

pulmonary
cardiac
oesophageal

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16
Q

what are the sensory and motor innervations of the recurrent laryngeal nerves?

A

motor to laryngeal muscles

sensory to mucosa below the vocal folds

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17
Q

which nerve curves superiorly under the Right subclavian artery?

A

right recurrent laryngeal

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18
Q

what vessel does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve pass under?

A

arch of the aorta

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19
Q

which nerve passes posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

L recurrent laryngeal

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20
Q

what structures does the L RCLN pass between to reach the larynx?

A

trachea and oesophagus in a groove

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21
Q

which arteries do the RCLNs relate to?

A

inferior thyroid arteries

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22
Q

what surgery hurts the RCLNs and the inferior thyroid arteries at risk? what is the outcome if damaged?

A
  • thyroid surgery

- hoarse voice if damaged

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23
Q

a tumour where causes hoarseness of voice?

A

in left lung

enlarged lymph nodes due to tumour compresses the L RCLN

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24
Q

what are the functional units of the nervous system?

A

neurones specialised for rapid communication

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25
Q

what is the sympathetic neurotransmitter?

A

noradrenaline

26
Q

what is the parasympathetic neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

27
Q

what are the functions of the sympathetic system on cardiovascular system?

A 
increases BP 
increases heart rate+contraction strength
dilates coronary vessels 
increases respiratory efficiency 
constricts peripheral circulation 
inhibits sphincters 
controls body temperature
28
Q

where do preganglionic bodies of the sympathetic system lie?

A

lateral grey matter of thoracic spinal cord

29
Q

which vertebral levels do primary neurones of preganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system arise from?

A

T1 to L2

30
Q

how is sympathetic outflow described?

A

thoracolumbar

31
Q

what lies in sympathetic ganglion?

A

postganglionic cell bodies

32
Q

in what 2 ways are postganglionic cell bodies of sympathetic system distributed?

A
  • hitch hike along somatic nerves/ and or arteries and are distributed widely all over the body
  • supply adjacent viscera through autonomic plexuses
33
Q

what forms the sympathetic trunks?

A

2 trunks
formed of 2 chains of cell bodies of postganglionic neurones
lie alongside all the vertebral bodies atlas to coccyx

34
Q

what are the lengths of sympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurones?

A

short pre

long post

35
Q

how do sympathetic preganglionic neurones reach the sympathetic trunk?

A

white rami communicates
they either: synapse immediately in adjacent ganglion
or travel up or down in trunk to be distributed above and below T1 and L2

36
Q

what is the name of the structure where the sympathetic ganglion fuse?

A

ganglion impart opposite coccyx

37
Q

what cervical ganglia are there?

A

superior, middle and inferior

38
Q

what is the stellate ganglion? where is it?

A

fusion of middle and inferior cervical ganglia

lies on neck of rib 1

39
Q

what pre ganglionic neurones pass straight through trunk to reach abdominal viscera and adrenal gland?

A

greater: T5-9, coeliac
lesser: T10, 11, superior mesenteric
least splanchnic nerves: T12, inferior mesenteric

40
Q

what are the three things primary neurones can do when they reach body wall and limbs?

A
  • synapse immediately and secondary neurones pass in GRC to spinal nerve
  • travel up trunk synapse with cervical ganglion above T1, 2y neurones pass in GRC to cervical spinal nerves
  • travel down trunk and synapse in a ganglion below L2, 2y neurones pass in GRC to lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
41
Q

what levels does head receive sympathetic innervation from?

A

T1-T3

42
Q

what level of sympathetic nerves supplies upper limb?

A

T4-T6

43
Q

what level are the abdominal and thoracic walls sympathetic neurones derived from?

A

T1-12

44
Q

what is the level of sympathetic innervation to lower limb?

A

T12- L2

45
Q

where are parasympathetic nerves distributed to?

A

head
neck
viscera

46
Q

what preganglioinc cell bodies lie in the CNS?

A

parasympathetic

47
Q

where do pregnaglionic cell bodies of parasympathetic system lie?

A 
cranial= 3,7,9 and 10
sacral= 2,3 ,4
48
Q

how is parasympathetic outflow described?

A

craniosacral

49
Q

Where do postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies lie?

A

special ganglia of the head and neck
close to viscera they supply
contribute to anatomical plexuses

50
Q

what are the effects of the parasympathetic system?

A 
slows breathing and heart rate 
reduces CO and BP 
opens sphincters 
meiosis-constriction of pupils
secretomotor to glands
51
Q

heart and lungs are supplied by neurones arising between which vertebral levels?

A

T1-5

52
Q

what do cardiac branches (2y sympathetic neurones)supply?

A

SA node
coronary vessels
T1 fibres included

53
Q

where do primary neurones travel to and synapse to provide cardiac branches?

A

ascend trunk and synapse in T1 and inferior and middle cervical ganglia (stellate)

54
Q

where do cardiac branches (2y sympathetic neurones) emerge from?

A

cervical part of sympathetic trunk

pass down to the cardiac plexus at the tracheal bifurcation

55
Q

pulmonary sympathetic fibres emerge from which level?

A

T2-4

bronchial dilation and bronchial vessels

56
Q

what level do oesophageal sympathetic fibres emerge form?

A

T4-6

57
Q

neurones originating from T7-9 supply what?

A

stomach

58
Q

where is a Pancots tumour located?

A

apex of lung

59
Q

what causes Horners syndrome?

A

Pancots tumour

60
Q

what does pants tumour affect?

A

sympathetic trunk

stellate ganglion on neck of 1st rib

61
Q

what is the neurological effect of pants tumour?

A

compromises sympathetic supply to head and neck on the same side as tumour

62
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of horners syndrome?

A

Ptosis- upper eyelid dropping
mitosis= pupillary constriction
anhydrosis= lack of sweating
flushing of face

Medicine MD3001 cardiovascular system (44 decks)

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