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Photovoltaic Systems > Photovoltaic systems resource guide: Pretest > Flashcards

Photovoltaic systems resource guide: Pretest Flashcards

1
Q

PV power plants can be located closer to populated areas that can conventional power plants because they do not involve hazardous materials or cause air, water, or noise pollution.

A

True

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2
Q

Solar radiation includes only visible light.

A

False

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3
Q

A shunt-linear charge controller is a charge controller that limits charging current to a battery system by gradually increasing the resistance of a series element.

A

False

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4
Q

Cost and funding of PV systems are usually the customer’s primary concern.

A

True

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5
Q

Diesel engines are well suited for constant loads, whereas gasoline engines can respond quickly to changing loads.

A

True

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6
Q

A hybrid system is a PV system that can operate in either utility-interactive or stand-alone mode, and uses battery storage.

A

False

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7
Q

A semiconductor is a materials that can exhibit properties of both an insulator and conductor.

A

True

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8
Q

For most PV devices, a high operating temperature significantly increases voltage.

A

False

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9
Q

Batteries are connected in series by connecting all of the positive terminals together and all of the negative terminals together.

A

False

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10
Q

A secondary battery is a battery that can store and deliver electrical energy butcannot be recharged.

A

False

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11
Q

charge controllers protect batteries from overdischarge.

A

True

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12
Q

A reactive load is a load that keeps voltage and current waveforms in phase.

A

False

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13
Q

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a method of simulating waveforms by switching series devices ON and OFF at high frequency and for variable lengths of time.

A

True

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14
Q

Low operating temperatures and high discharge rates increase battery capacity.

A

False

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15
Q

Direct-coupled systems may be sized according to either the stand-alone methodology or the interactive methodology.

A

False

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16
Q

A groudning conductor is a rod, plate, or structure that establishes a connection with the earth.

A

False

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17
Q

A blocking diode is a diode used to pass current around, rather than through, a group of PV cells or modules.

A

False

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18
Q

Article 60 of the NEC includes requirements for battery storage in PV systmes.

A

True

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19
Q

A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electricity by means of electromagnetic induction.

A

True

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20
Q

A permit agreement is a contract between a utility and a qualifying facility that establishes the terms and conditions for interconnection and the rates or tariffs that apply.

A

False

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21
Q

At a minimum, a PV permit application should include a detailed three-line electrical diagram.

A

False

22
Q

By itself, the CE Mark indicates compliance to North American safety standards or installation codes.

A

False

23
Q

Significantly low specific gravity of individual battery cells indicates cell failure or shorts.

A

True

24
Q

A refractive index hydrometer is a bulb-type syringe with a float that experiences a buoyant force equivalent to the weight of the displaced electrolyte.

A

False

25
Q

The single present value factor is a multiplication factor for determining the present value of a recurring future cost for a given discount rate and period.

A

False

26
Q

_____ energy is expected to compose an increasingly larger portion of energy production.

A

Renewable

27
Q

A(n) ____ is a PV device consisting of a number of individual cells connected electrically, laminated, encapsulated, and packaged into a frame.

A

module

28
Q

____ is the point in the sky directly overhead a particular location.

A

Zenith

29
Q

A(n) ____ calculator is used to view the solar window for a particular location for assessing shading.

A

sun path

30
Q

____ is the angle between the direction a compass needle points (toward magnetic north) and true geographic north.

A

Magnetic declination

31
Q

_____ store energy in an electrical field developed by two oppositely charged parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric (insulating) material.

A

Capacitors

32
Q

____ is the ratio of maximum power to the product of the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current.

A

Fill factor

33
Q

A ____ is a thin, flat disk or rectangle of base semiconductor material.

A

wafer

34
Q

A(n) ____ is a collection of cells that are contained in the same case and connected together electrically to produce a desired voltage.

A

battery

35
Q

____ is the condition of a battery state of charge declining to the point where it can no longer supply discharge current without damaging the battery.

A

overdischarge

36
Q

A ____ is a device that transfers energy from one circuit to another through magnetic coupling.

A

transformer

37
Q

Sizing PV systems for stand-alone operation involves ____ set(s) of calculations.

A

four

38
Q

____ is the percentage of time a load is operating.

A

Duty cycle

39
Q

A(n) _____ photovoltaic array is a fixed array that replaces conventional building materials with specially designed modules that also perform an architectural function.

A

building-integrated

40
Q

____ is the addition of lumber under a roof surface and between trusses or rafters as supplemental structural support.

A

Blocking

41
Q

Conductor resistance is determined by the ____.

A

conductor material, conductor size, and ambient temperature.

42
Q

A ____ is a protective enclosure used to terminate, combine, and connect various circuits or components together.

A

junction box

43
Q

____ systems can be employed to manage and optimize utility energy use by utility customers that are billed using time-of-use electric rates.

A

Bimodal

44
Q

A(n) ____ is a non-utility large-scale power producer that meets the technical and procedural requirements for interconnection to the utility system.

A

qualifying facility

45
Q

A(n) ____ is the organization, office, or individual designated by local government with legal powers to administer, interpret, and enforce building codes.

A

authority having jurisdiction

46
Q

____ space is the clear space reserved around electrical equipment for the existing equipment and potential future additions.

A

Dedicated

47
Q

The electrolyte in flooded, open-vent batteries must be maintained at proper levels by periodically adding ____.

A

water

48
Q

A ____ is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of a liquid.

A

hydrometer

49
Q

The ____ period is the amount of time required for the avoided costs from an alternate energy source to match the cost of the chosen energy-production system.

A

payback

50
Q

A ____ is a tradable commodity that represents a certain amount of electricity generated from renewable resources.

A

renewable energy certificate

Photovoltaic Systems (19 decks)

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