Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Quiz Flashcards
What is the Light Dependent Phase (LDP)?
The first phase of photosynthesis that converts light into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)
Where does the Light Dependent Phase take place?
It takes place in the Thylakoid Membranes (or Grana) of the Chloroplasts
What is the Light Independent Phase (LIP)?
The second and last phase of photosynthesis in which the converted chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) are synthesized into Carbohydrates (Glucose)
Where does the Light Independent Phase take place?
It takes place in the Stroma of the Chloroplast
How are the two phases of Photosynthesis linked? (LDP and LIP)
These two phases are linked due to the LDP converting light energy into ATP and NADPH, which is then converted to Carbohydrates (Glucose) through the LIP
What is the Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis?
(6)CO2 + (6)H2O -> C6H12O6 + (6)02
What is the primary energy used to drive Photosynthesis?
Light energy from the sun
Which molecule (pigments) capture light energy?
Chlorophyll
Where in a plant cell does Photosynthesis take place?
The Chloroplast
What form of energy is light energy being converted into through Photosynthesis?
Carbohydrates (Glucose) as food for the plant, along with Oxygen as waste released into the atmosphere
How many membranes surround a chloroplast?
Two membranes
Where is the site of Photosynthesis?
In the leaves of the plant
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place, resulting in sugar production?
In the Stroma of the Chloroplast
What is the difference between Stroma and a Stoma?
Stroma is colorless fluid that surrounds Grana (thylakoid stacks) within the Chloroplast. A Stoma is a pore-like opening on the underside of the leaf.
What other molecular-level things are produced through Photosynthesis?
Electrons and Hydrogen ions (e- and H+ ions)
What is the “Calvin Cycle”?
A fancy name for the Light Independent Cycle (LIP).
Why does Photosynthesis make plants green?
This is due to the Chlorophyll refusing to absorb green wavelengths of white light, resulting in them being transferred to the plant’s physical appearance instead.
Grana or Gana?
Grana. It’s Grana. Dumbass.
Stoma or Stroma?
Trick question! They’re two separate things, so both.
What is the ATP/ADP cycle?
ATP breaks off the 3rd phosphate group (ENERGY RELEASED), helping to form ADP, which then absorbs the energy back in to form ADP, and so on.
ATP -> ENERGY (phosphate) RELEASED! -> ADP -> ENERGY (phosphate) ABSORBED! -> ATP
What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ATP has all phosphate groupings intact, while ADP contains a lone phosphate group. ATP also holds more stored energy.
Which group contains more stored energy and why? ATP or ADP? Where is the energy stored?
ATP contains more energy due to it’s higher phosphate amount, energy is stored within the (3) phosphate groups.
What are the parts of ATP/ADP?
ATP - (1) Adenine molecule, (1) Ribose molecule, (3) Phosphate molecules
ADP - (1) Adenine molecule, (1) Ribose molecule, (2) Phosphate groups, (1) Lone Phosphate group
What type of macromolecule is ATP & ADP?
They are both Nucleic Acids
Where is energy stored in ATP?
It is stored in the bond that is found between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups.
What happens when a cell requires energy?
It breaks off it’s 3rd ATP phosphate group from the molecule, which then releases energy. Whatever is left over is turned into Adenosine Diphosphate or ADP.
What is the Mitochondria made of?
The Mitochondria consists of an Outer Membrane, Inner Membrane, Cristae, Matrix, and DNA.
What simple sugar is broken down in the Mitochondria?
Glucose (sugar) for Cellular Respiration
By what process is Glucose broken down?
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Where does Glucose come from for organisms that cannot photosynthesize?
It is made by our body through eating food and absorbing nutrients.
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O (unbalanced)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 +6H2O
What are the 3 basic steps of Cellular Respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
- The Electron Transport Chain
What happens in Glycolysis and where does it take place?
Glucose is split for it’s energy to be captured into ATP Pyruvate. It occurs in the Cytoplasm.
What happens in the Krebs Cycle and where does it take place?
Absorbs Pyruvate formed from Glycolysis and produces 3 things: Carbon dioxide, a small amount of ATP, and NADH + FADH. It occurs in the Mitochondria.
What happens in The Electron Transport Chain and where does it take place?
It finally breaks down glucose and produces sugar in the form of ATP, to be absorbed as nutrients. It takes place in the mitochondria
True or false: Glycolysis occurs outside of the mitochondria
TRUE
What does the extra electron at the end of the electron transport system become?
H2O
How many ATPs are formed from one glucose molecule?
36
What is cellular respiration in a simple definition?
A controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds in cells
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
The electron transport chain
