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Intro Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Life is powered by

A

Sunshine

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2
Q

Form of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen

A

Anoxygenic

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3
Q

Form of photosynthesis that produces oxygen

A

Oxygenic

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4
Q

What plant leaf organelle carries out the process of photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

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5
Q

What are the three stages in photosynthesis?

A
  1. Capturing energy from sunlight
  2. Using the energy to make ATP and to reduce the compound to NADP+, an electron carrier, to NADPH;
  3. Using the ATP and NADPH to power the synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 in the air
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6
Q

What absorbs the photons of light in photosynthesis?

A

Photosystems in Thylakoids

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7
Q

What do the photosystems in the thylakoids generate from the photons energy?

A

ATP and NADPH

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8
Q

First two stages of of photosynthesis are called the ?

A

Light- dependent reactions

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9
Q

The third stage of photosynthesis is called ? When the formation of organic molecules from CO2 occurs.

A

Carbon fixation

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10
Q

A series of carbon fixation reactions that are light independent that form organic molecules

A

Calvin cycle

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11
Q

The thylakoids contains this for capturing light energy

A

Chlorophyll

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12
Q

This semi liquid substance surrounding the thylakoids membrane is called

A

Stroma

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13
Q

These act as large Antennas gathering the light energy harvested by many individual pigment molecules that are clustered together

A

Photosystems

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14
Q

Columns of sacs where chlorophyll are located ( light dependent)

A

Granum (grana)

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15
Q

This is outside the grana and where carbon fixation occurs

A

Stroma

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16
Q

Molecules that can absorb energy from visible light

A

Pigament molecules ( chlorophyll)

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17
Q

Cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules and as a group it’s job is to absorb photons of light

A

Photosystems

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18
Q

Shorter the wavelength of light the ________ its energy

A

Greater

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19
Q

This is when A beam of light is able to remove electrons from certain molecules creating an electrical current; the photons transfer energy to electrons

A

Photoelectric effect

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20
Q

Two general types of pigments that are used in green plant photosynthesis that are capable of absorbing light in the visible range

A

Chlorophylls and carotenoids

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21
Q

Chlorophyll a and b absorb violet-blue and red light of the spectrum and reflect what color ?

A

Green

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22
Q

____________ absorb mostly blue and green light in the spectrum and reflect orange and yellow.

A

Carotenoids

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23
Q

This is the main photosynthetic pigment and the only pigment that can act directly to convert light energy to chemical energy

A

Chlorophyll a

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24
Q

This acts as a accessory pigment and compliments chlorophyll a; absorbs the green wave lengths that chlorophyll a cannot

A

Chlorophyll b

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25
Q

Pigment that scavenge free radicals to help protect cells ; acts as a antioxidant

A

Carotenoids

26
Q

Where individual chlorophyll molecules in a photosystem send there excited energy from the light they absorb

A

Lower level energy molecule called Reaction center chlorophyll

27
Q

Hundreds of chlorophyll pigment molecules that gather photons and feed the captured light energy to the reaction center

A

Antenna complex

28
Q

Consisting of one or more chlorophyll a molecules in a matrix protein that passes excited electrons out of the photosystem

A

Reaction center

29
Q

This is where the excited electron is transferred

A

Reaction center

30
Q

In the antenna complex ________ is passed from one pigment molecule to the next

A

Energy

31
Q

Transmembrane protein pigment complex

A

Reaction center

32
Q

4 stages of the light dependent reactions

A

1)primary photo event
2)charge separation
3) electron transport
4chemiosmosis

33
Q

The name of the reaction center pigment in the chloroplast photosystem I

A

P

700

34
Q

The name of the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem 2

A

P 680

35
Q

Which photosystem of the chloroplasts can generate an oxidation potential high enough to oxidize water it is also the the one that operates 1st in the light dependent reaction

A

Photosystem 2

36
Q

The process in which plants use photosystem 1&2 to produce both ATP NADPH and the electrons path do not return to the photosystems but rather end up in NADPH

A

Noncyclic photophosphorylation

37
Q

How are the photosystems replenished with electrons

A

Oxidation of water( splitting water)

38
Q

What 4 atoms in in the reaction center of photosystem 2 are important for the oxidation of water

A

Maganese

39
Q

What is the name of the protein that carries the electron pair from the electron transport chain to photosystem 1

A

Plastocyanin

40
Q

The name of the proton pump that is embedded in the thylakoid membrane ; where atp is produced

A

B6 f complex

41
Q

Where are the enzymes located that catalyze the light independent reactions of the Calvin cycle

A

Stroma

42
Q

How are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar

A

Using chemiosmosis to generate ATP

43
Q

What forms a channel that allows protons to cross back into the stroma

A

ATP synthase enzyme

44
Q

Photosystem 2 oxidizes water to

A

O2

45
Q

Photosystem 1 reduces NADP+ to

A

NADPH

46
Q

1 st phase in the Calvin cycle that contain 3 carbon atoms

A

C3 photosynthesis

47
Q

Consider to be the most abundant protein on earth

A

Rubisco

48
Q

When the RuBP reacts with the CO2 what happens after and what is this overall reaction called

A

It immediately forms a 6 carbon intermediate and splits immediately into two molecules of if 3 -PGA; carbon fixation

49
Q

What sluggish enzyme carries carries out the carbon fixation reaction

A

Rubisco

50
Q

How many molecules of RuBP does rubisco catalyze?

A

3 molecules

51
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle must happen in order to produce one glucose molecule

A

6

52
Q

How many phases are in the Calvin cycle

A

3
Carbon fixation
Reduction
Regeneration of RuBP

53
Q

What type of plants are capable of storing CO2 as a 4 carbon molecule in a hot dry environment

A

C4 plants

54
Q

What two types of C 4 plants have

A

Mesophyll cell

Bundle -sheath cell

55
Q

How do C4 and CAM plants differ

A

The CAM plants use the C3 and C4 pathways in the same cell where C 4 plants use the pathways in separate cells

56
Q

The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

A

Produce ATP , reduce NADP+ and occur in the stroma

57
Q

Which molecule in a photosystem takes energy it receives and uses it to boost electrons to a high energy state

A

Reaction center

58
Q

Which molecule is split to release electrons to replace ones boosted from the molecule of the reaction center

A

Water

59
Q

What does RuBisco do

A

Picks up CO2 from the atmosphere and attaches it to RuBP

Takes energy from NADPH and uses it to make G3 P

60
Q

In a C 4 plant

A

Co 2 is taken up by outer leaf cells and bound to a 3 carbon molecule to make a 4 carbon molecule

Intro Biology (11 decks)

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