Chapter 15

Question 1

This is made up of DNA

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

If you know the genotype you know the

Answer 2

Phenotype

Question 3

If you know what the genes are you know an organisms

Answer 3

Traits

Question 4

If you know the DNA make up of an organism you know the

Answer 4

Proteins for it

Question 5

The biochemical pathway to create Arginine has ____stepsin which each step requires a separate ______

Answer 5

5 ; enzyme

Question 6

List similarities of DNA and RNA

Answer 6

Both nucleaic acid molecules

Both have phosphate backbone

Question 7

List differences of DNA and RNA

Answer 7

> RNA sugar is ribose -DNA sugar is deoxyribose
RNA is slightly hydrophyllic move through cytoplasm
RNA has uracil base instead of the DNA thymine base
RNA single strand ; DNA double strand

Question 8

What are the rna that are formed in transcription

Answer 8

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
snRNA
microRNA
siRNA

Question 9

Sequence of 3 nucleotide bases in the template strand of DNA codes for a specific amino acid

Answer 9

DNA triplet

Question 10

Triplets are transcribed into ______ codon

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

How many possible amino acids are there

Answer 11

20

Question 12

When speaking of genetic code it is

Answer 12

Specific
Code is degenerate
Almost universal
Have special codons

Question 13

What is the start codon where translation always starts

Answer 13

AUG

Question 14

What are sequences of the stop codons where translation stops

Answer 14

UGA
UAA
UAG

Question 15

What are the 3 steps in transcription

Answer 15

Initiation
Enlongation
Termination

Question 16

Small RNA that are involved in gene expression

Answer 16

miRNA

siRNA

Question 17

How does a retrovirus convert RNA to a DNA copy

Answer 17

Reverse transcriptase

Question 18

This RNA carries DNA message to ribosome for processing of proteins

Answer 18

mRNA

Question 19

This RNA has amino acids covalently attached to one end and an anticodon that can base pair with an mRNA

Answer 19

tRNA

Question 20

Series of nucleotides grouped into blocks of information which corresponds to an amino acid

Answer 20

Codons

Question 21

The genetic code is ______ which some amino acids are specified with more than one codon

Answer 21

Degenerate

Question 22

For the most genetic code is universal. Which examples of living cells do not follow this universality

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Question 23

How many codons total specify for amino acids

Answer 23

64

Question 24

In prokaryotes the initiation of mRNA does not require______.

Answer 24

A primer

Question 25

Initiation of transcription requires two sites on DNA what are they

Answer 25

Promoter | Start site

Question 26

This site forms a recognition and binding site for the RNA polymerase

Answer 26

Promoter

Question 27

The site at which transcription begins

Answer 27

Start site

Question 28

The polymerase needs this to end transcription

Answer 28

Terminator

Question 29

In prokaryotes the mRNA produced by transcription begins to be translated before transcription is finished - they are _______. This can not occur in eukaryotes

Answer 29

Coupled

Question 30

In eukaryotes transcription occurs in__________ and __________occurs in cytoplasm

Answer 30

Nucleus | Translation

Question 31

This is a single transcription unit that encodes multiple enzymes in prokaryotes

Answer 31

Operon

Question 32

How many RNA polymerase enzymes do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in transcription

Answer 32

Prokaryotes-1 | Eukaryotes- 3

Question 33

The RNA synethsized by RNA polymerase II is called the

Answer 33

Primary transcript

Question 34

The primary transcript produces

Answer 34

Mature mRNA

Question 35

The 5' cap and the 3' poly A tail are added to mRNA during eukaryotic transcription because

Answer 35

It protects it from degradation

Question 36

Non coding DNA that interrupts the sequence of the gene

Answer 36

Introns

Question 37

Coding sequences of DNA that are expressed

Answer 37

Exons

Question 38

What percent of the human genome is made of introns and exons

Answer 38

24% | 1.5%

Question 39

What complex recognizes the intron and exon junctions

Answer 39

snRNPs ( snurps)

Question 40

The snRNPs cluster together to form a ______ which is responsible for the splicing of introns

Answer 40

Spliceosome

Question 41

Or protein synthesis to proceed each ______ must be attached to tRNA with the correct ______.

Answer 41

Amino acid | Anticodon

Question 42

Where does mRNA undergo translation to make a protein

Answer 42

Ribosomes

Question 43

Ribosomes are made of

Answer 43

rRNA and proteins

Question 44

What are the functions of the small and large unit in ribosomes

Answer 44

Small - decoding the transcribed message | Large- formation of peptide bonds by use of the enzyme peptidyl transferase

Question 45

Su units only come together in

Answer 45

Translation

Question 46

Name differences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes gene expression

Answer 46

Translation begins before transcription is completed ( coupled ) in prokaryotes while eukaryotes undergo modifications

Question 47

In genetic code one codon

Answer 47

Consists of three bases and specifies a single amino acid

Question 48

When the small and large subunits of the ribosomes come together they form ______.

Answer 48

3 slots APE

Question 49

When the elongation step in protein synthesis reaches a stop codon what attaches to this codon

Answer 49

Release factor

Question 50

What does the release factor initiates in protein synthesis

Answer 50

Release the polypeptide ( protein) mRNA is released Subunits beak apart to form again elsewhere

Question 51

A mutation that alters a single base by either substitution deletion addition

Answer 51

Point mutation

Question 52

This type of point mutation is the substitution of one base pair for another which may or may not alter the amino acid encoded

Answer 52

Base substitution mutation

Question 53

This point mutation is the addition or deletion of a single base in this case it can alter the reading in the mRNA which could lead to altering most protein as well as early termination of translation

Answer 53

Frame shift mutation

Question 54

Mutations altering the structure of the chromosomes

Answer 54

Chromosomal mutation

Question 55

Deletion in a chromosome mutation is not

Answer 55

Reversible

Question 56

This mutation changes the codon to a different codon that changes the amino acid

Answer 56

Missense mutation

Question 57

This mutation changes a codon to a stop codon

Answer 57

Nonsense mutation

Question 58

This type of chromosomal mutation an entire section of chromosome and entire genes are lost

Answer 58

Deletion

Question 59

In this chromosomal mutation is duplicated and new results in 2 copies of the gene

Answer 59

Duplication

Question 60

This chromosomal mutation a section breaks off and reattached to different chromosome

Answer 60

Translocation

Question 61

Section is broken off in two places rotates 180* and reattaches where broken

Answer 61

Inversión | May effect how genes are expressed