Chapter 15 Flashcards
This is made up of DNA
Genes
If you know the genotype you know the
Phenotype
If you know what the genes are you know an organisms
Traits
If you know the DNA make up of an organism you know the
Proteins for it
The biochemical pathway to create Arginine has ____stepsin which each step requires a separate ______
5 ; enzyme
List similarities of DNA and RNA
Both nucleaic acid molecules
Both have phosphate backbone
List differences of DNA and RNA
> RNA sugar is ribose -DNA sugar is deoxyribose
RNA is slightly hydrophyllic move through cytoplasm
RNA has uracil base instead of the DNA thymine base
RNA single strand ; DNA double strand
What are the rna that are formed in transcription
mRNA rRNA tRNA snRNA microRNA siRNA
Sequence of 3 nucleotide bases in the template strand of DNA codes for a specific amino acid
DNA triplet
Triplets are transcribed into ______ codon
mRNA
How many possible amino acids are there
20
When speaking of genetic code it is
Specific
Code is degenerate
Almost universal
Have special codons
What is the start codon where translation always starts
AUG
What are sequences of the stop codons where translation stops
UGA
UAA
UAG
What are the 3 steps in transcription
Initiation
Enlongation
Termination
Small RNA that are involved in gene expression
miRNA
siRNA
How does a retrovirus convert RNA to a DNA copy
Reverse transcriptase
This RNA carries DNA message to ribosome for processing of proteins
mRNA
This RNA has amino acids covalently attached to one end and an anticodon that can base pair with an mRNA
tRNA
Series of nucleotides grouped into blocks of information which corresponds to an amino acid
Codons
The genetic code is ______ which some amino acids are specified with more than one codon
Degenerate
For the most genetic code is universal. Which examples of living cells do not follow this universality
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
How many codons total specify for amino acids
64
In prokaryotes the initiation of mRNA does not require______.
A primer