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Intro Biology > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

When the mother cell passes DNA to daughter cells the DNA is

A

Identical

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2
Q

This type of organism divides by binary fision

A

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

What is essentially the same of the cell division process in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Duplication and segregation of genetic information into daughter cells ; division of cellular content

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4
Q

How many chromosomes are in each human cell

A

46 chromosomes

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5
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

A

23

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6
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Strand of DNA that is encoded with genes and is composed with proteins to help hold shape together

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7
Q

Name the condition when a human embryo is missing a chromosome

A

Monosomy

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8
Q

Name the condition where human embryo have an extra chromosome

A

Trisomy

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9
Q

What is the haploid number in humans

A

23

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10
Q

What is the diploid number in humans

A

46

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11
Q

This term is used when referring to the maternal and paternal chromosomes

A

Homologous

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12
Q

These types of cells are typical and usually diploid and are not directly involved with reproduction

A

Somatic cells

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13
Q

Chromosomes are composed of __________, a complex of DNA and protein when it is not in the process of dividing

A

Chromatin

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14
Q

A positive charged protein that attracts the DNA to coil and tightly bound to it

A

Histone proteins

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15
Q

The complex of DNA and histone proteins is called

A

Nucleosome

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16
Q

The tight coil of DNA wrapped in the nucleosomes is

A

Solenoid

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17
Q

After the nucleosomes are coiled into the solenoid the solenoid then organizes these______

A

Chromatin loops

18
Q

Binary fission

A

1-2 DNA replicates
3 cell elongates
4 -5 septation

19
Q

Diploid means

A

A cell has two set of chromosomes

20
Q

During which phase of mitosis do the cohesion holding the chromatids together break down allowing the chromotids to spit

A

Anaphase

21
Q

During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids attach to the spindle by their kinetochores

A

Prometaphase

22
Q

This is unrestrained , uncontrolled growth of cells in animals

A

Cancer

23
Q

Three types of treatment for cancer

A

Radiation
Chemotherapy
Surgery

24
Q

Consider the G1 checkpoint . What molecules must the cell have accumulated to complex with Cdc2 to pass through this checkpoint

A

G1 cyclins

25
Q

Consider the G2 / M checkpoint . What conditions must be present in the cell for the cell to pass through this checkpoint

A

The DNA was replicated correctly

DNA structure is OK

26
Q

Mitosis makes

A

Identical cells

27
Q

The cell in mitosis spends most of its life in

A

Interphase

28
Q

In this phase of mitosis cells undergo growth
DNA replication
Cell functions

A

Interphase

29
Q

Chromosomes are made of

A

Protein and DNA

30
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

31
Q

In this phase of mitosis
Chromosomes are condensing
Cytoskeleton breaks down

A

Prophase

32
Q

In this phase of mitosis the chromosome line up in the middle of cell

A

Metaphase

33
Q

What holds the sister chromatids together

A

Centromere

34
Q

This is where the chromosomes line up in metaphase

A

Metaphase plate

35
Q

First checkpoint in cell cycle

A

G1/S

36
Q

What are some of the factors that allow passage at the checkpoints

A

Growth
Size of cell
Nutritional stats

37
Q

This attaches the sister chromatids which will attach to the microtubals

A

Kinetichore

38
Q

Interphase

A

DNA copied

Centrisomes copied

39
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense

Miotic spindle forms

40
Q

Prometaphase

A

Nuclear envelopes fragment

Microtubuls - kinetichore

Intro Biology (11 decks)

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