Photosynthesis

Question 0

Energy:

Specific forms of energy:

Answer 0

The ability to work or cause change
CREMNT
Chemical, Radiant, Electrical, Mechanical, Nuclear, and Thermal

Question 1

Intro/Main Point:

Characteristics of living things:

Answer 1

REQUIRES ENERGY

1 Requires energy 2 Made up of cells 3 Growth and development 4 Reproduce 5 Homeostasis 6 Respond to the environment

Question 2

"Stored Energy":
Chemical Compounds store energy in...
As bonds are broken, new bonds...
Energy is lost and may be transformed into...
Ex.

Answer 2

Potential energy in the form of chemical energy
Chemical bonds
Are formed and atoms are rearranged with lower energy
Different forms such as heat and light
Running – sweat, heat

Question 3

Need to know: living things require chemical energy, but it must be in the correct form

Answer 3

.

Question 4

Structure page 226

Answer 4

(ATP): readily usable form of energy
Cells are able to store and release small amounts of energy
P-P-P-Ribosome-Adenine-Adenine

Question 5

“Usable Form”:
Release
Storing
ATP-ADP Recycling Diagram

Answer 5

Cars moving – breakdown – Coke machine – $20 – $.15 Coke only taking coins not $20 bills or bills at all

• The bond is broken between the second and third phosphate group releasing the third phosphate group
• The bond is created between the second and third phosphate group

Question 6

Usefulness of ATP molecule
Allows them…
Able to store…
- Contrast

Answer 6

Transfer of energy to cell functions
Small amounts of energy for short periods of time
One glucose molecule stores 90 times the amount of ATP

Question 7

Generally the original source of energy:
Autotroph/ 
Ex. 
Heterotroph/
Ex.

Answer 7

Sunlight
Self feeder; organisms made own food from raw materials
Ex. Plants, Algae, and some bacteria
Other feeders; obtain food/chemical energy from consuming other things
Ex. Animals, most bacteria, Fungus

Question 8

Photosynthesis:
Cellular respiration:
Historical discoveries:

Answer 8

Process of converting radiant energy into chemical energy
Light Energy + CO2 + H2O = C6 H12 O6 + O2
Process of converting chemical energy into a usable form (ATP)
C6 H12 O6 + 02 = CO2 + H2O + ATP energy
Van Helmhant where does mass come from nor soil he said water
Priestly revived the air connected it to oxygen
Ingenhous plants need light

Question 9

Electromagnetic Spectrum:

Picture

Answer 9

Energy that as waves
|————————|————–|———————|
Low u IR visible light UV High U
Long w *photos. Short w

Question 10

White Light

• consists of…
• visible spectrum…
• different colors corresponds to…

Answer 10

All or A broad range of color/wavelength
ROYGBIV
different wavelengths

Question 11

When light strikes and object, it’s component wavelengths of energy can be…

Answer 11

A Reflected
B Absorbed
C Transmitted

Question 12

And object appears a certain color…

Answer 12

Because those wavelengths of color are being reflected

Question 13

Pigments:

1. General examples
2. Chlorophyll: pigment the generally appears…

Answer 13

Molecules that reflect certain wavelengths of observing others
Chlorophyll, Anthocyanin-reds
Green in the chloroplast

Question 14

2 Common Types 
Chlorophyll a: absorbs...
-directly involved in…
Chlorophyll b: absorbs
-considered to be an accessory pigment since…

Answer 14

Purple violet and red orange
Light the dependent actions
Blue and yellow orange
It absorbs wavelengths from a different range and enhances the efficiency of photosynthesis

Question 15

Carrotenoids: “accessory pigment” that absorbs…
A. Reflect/Appear
Therefor common in…
B. Broadens the range of

Answer 15

Part of green and blue range for photosynthesis
Red orange
Fruit and flowers, Fall floage
Light that can be used for photosynthesis

Question 16

Choloroplasts:
1. Thylakoids:
a. Grana-
b. Stroma-
Photosystems:
-

Answer 16

Organelle w/ specialized structure for photosynthesis
System of membranes arranged as a series of interconnected flattened sacs (stacks of coins)
Stacks of membranes
Solution surrounding the Grana/ Thylakoids
Clusters of pigment molecules w/in the Thylakoid Membrane
-They act as light collecting units

Question 17

Energy Collection:

Answer 17

Chlorophyll absorbs visible light which transfers energy to particular structures that raise the energy level of electrons

Question 18

Electron Carrier:

Sunlight is capable of of __________ _ within the cell

Answer 18

Is a compound that can accept a pair of high energy é’s and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule
Energizing/exciting é

Question 19

NADP+:
a. Some light energy can be trapped in … Which then can be transferred to other reactions
Energy is used to build a variety…
Mole can be ______ like _____

Answer 19

Molecule that accepts and hold 2 high energy é along a hydrogen ion therefore NADP+ changed to NADPH
In chemical form
Of Organic molecule
Recycled like ATP

Question 20

Light-Dependent Reactions
Overall actions:
a. Uses light to convert
b. Splits H20 molecule to…

Answer 20

ADP to ATP
NADP+ to NADPH
release oxygen and create more electrons

Question 21

Light is absorbed by Photosystems in the thylakoid membranes.
The absorbed light causes _____ in __________ to move to higher ____ _________ and eventually leave and be transferred to the ____ ______________ ______

Answer 21

É ; Chlorophyll A; energy levels; é transport chain

Question 22

The é that are lost from Chlorophyll a ,it’s be _______ or the process will _____.
Source of new é come from the …

Answer 22

Restored; stop
The splitting of water
H20 ~ 4H+ + 4é + O2

Question 23

High energy electrons move through the electron transport chain to pump H+ across the Thylakoid membrane
Electrons are regenerized by the next Photosystem
These é and H+ are used to convert…

Answer 23

NADP+ into NADPH

Question 24

Process called… Is required to form…
Moving H+ inside Thylakoid membrane creates…
The difference in charge provides…
The process also requires the enzyme ___ ________ which rotates like a ______ and converts…

Answer 24

Chemiosmosis; ATP
a concentration gradient between energy
Energy to form ATP
ATP synthase; turbine; ADP into ATP

Question 25

Light-Independent Reactions a.k.a.
Overall Reactions:
a. Trapping of…
b. Usage of ATP and NADPH from… To create bonds in the formation of…

Answer 25

Calvin Cycle
CO2 into a specialized molecule “Carbon Fixation”
Light-dependent reaction; Carbohydrates

Question 26

Process Requires
Carbon Fixation:
Process occurs in the…

Answer 26

Incorporates CO2 into intermediate organic molecules in the sequence of creating sugars
Stroma of the Choloroplasts

Question 27

Process requires multiple intermediate steps, molecules and enzymes.
a.) Examples include…
b.) energy from ___ and ______ is used to create the…
Final molecule is used to create energy rich _____ ( ).
These may be converted to
-
-
-

Answer 27

RuBP~PGA~PGAL
ATP; NADPH; bonds
Sugars (Carbohydrates)
Complex Carbs (starch, fiber and cellulose)
Lipids
Proteins from animo acids

Question 28

Factors affecting photosynthesis
1.
2.

Answer 28

1. Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Light Intensity
   All have the same effect as each of these are increased the rate of photosynthesis increases but levels out as the maximum capacity for the process is reached
2. Temperature
   As temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis increases however extreme temperatures decrease the rate of photosynthesis
   - enzymes for the process have a narrow range of temperatures in order to function.