Genetics

Question 1

Heredity:
Genetics:

Answer 1

Passing of traits/characteristics from parents

The scientific study of heredity

Question 2

What characteristics have you inherited?

Answer 2

Can be behavioral/personalities also physical eye color, hair

Question 3

GREGOR MENDEL “Father of Genetics”

Biographical Info

Answer 3

Born 1822 in the Czech Republic with the monastery went to the University of Vienna supported himself the age of 16 cultivated 29,000 plants studied biology chemistry physics and calculus

Question 4

Benefit of the garden pea plant for genetic study

Answer 4

ASLARN
Availability and easy to cultivate
Size is small (doesn’t take up much room)
Large # of offspring
Ability to control pollination/fertilization
Rate of growth/maturity/production rate two months
Number visible traits with only two distinct forms

Question 5

What Scientific methods contributed to Mendels success?

Answer 5

CEDD
Choice of research plant
Effective experimental methods many plants over many generations; careful; studied individual data traits then combination
Developed clear problems question to direct experiment
Developed and used background experience (orchard gardener statistics)

Question 6

Reproductive structures of flowers

Answer 6

Male make up the stamen
a. Anther - pollen gamete
b. Filament
Female make up the carpel
a. Stigma point of pollination 
b. Style
c. Ovary ovules and eggs gamete

Question 7

Pollination:
Self pollination:
Cross pollination:

Answer 7

Transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma
Pollen transferred within the same flower or another flower in the same plant: inherits all the traits from single-parent
Pollen is transferred to different flowers on different plants and inherit traits from 2 different parents

Question 8

Fertilization:
Pollination in pea plants-
Mendel manually controlled pollination by…

Answer 8

Union of the sex cells egg and sperm
Normally peas self pollinate
Removed undeveloped stamens and transferred select pollen with a paintbrush

Question 9

Trait:
True-Breeding/Pure:
Hybrid:

Answer 9

Specific characteristic of an individual
Self pollinating and would produce offspring identical to itself
The offspring of crosses between plants with different traits

Question 10

Parental Generation:
First Filial Generation:
Second Filial Feneration:

Answer 10

The cross between pure plans with contrasting plants
The first generation offspring from the cross pollination of the P generation
Second-generation produced from the self pollination of the F1 pollination

Question 11

The expression of each trait is controlled by…
Each trait is inherited by…
Each trait is controlled by…

Answer 11

Inherited Factors
means of a separate factor
A pair of factors one from each parent

Question 12

Genes:

Alternative def. Portions of…

Answer 12

Factors that are passed from parent to offspring

DNA that determines the expression of characteristics

Question 13

Alleles:

Ex.

Answer 13

The different forms of a gene

Tall vs. short ; purple vs. white ; round vs. wrinkled

Question 14

Principle of Dominance:

a. Dominant-
b. Recessive-

Answer 14

One factor in a pair for a particular trait can mask the expression of its contrasting form
Factor the prevents the expression of an alternate form; if it is president it will be expressed
Form of the trait that can be masked; must receive from two parents

Question 15

Principle of Segragation:

What process?

Answer 15

The pair of Alleles for a particular trait are separated during the formation of gametes
Meiosis homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated

Question 15

Principle of independent assortment:

Answer 15

Jeans for different traits can segregate independently during the four mentation of gametes if… Those traits are carried on different homologous pairs of chromosomes

Question 16

Dominant-

Recessive-

Answer 16

Capital or uppercase letter

Lowercase of the same letter

Question 17

Genotype:
Phenotype:

Answer 17

Jean combination inherited by an organism can be represented by letters; largely determine the phenotype
Physical trait expressed as a result of genotype

Question 18

Homozygous:
Dominant:
Recessive:

Answer 18

The alleles for a particular trait are the same
Both alleles are dominant
Both alleles are recessive

Question 19

Heterozygous:

Answer 19

The alleles for a particular trait are different

Question 20

Probability:
Forms of expression:
Application to genetics:

Answer 20

The likelihood that a particular event will occur
Ratio, fraction, percentage
To predict the likelihood of a individual inheriting a particular trait

Question 21

Probability predicts…
The result of one trial/event…
The large # of…

Answer 21

What is the likelihood to happen not what must happen
Does not influence outcome of another trial/event
The large # of… Trials the more likely the predicted results will be achieved and more reliable

Question 22

Punnett Square:

Answer 22

Is a chart that predict the probability of the genotype and phenotype combinations in a genetic cross

Question 23

Monohybrid:

Answer 23

Genetic cross following a single trait

Question 24

These crosses predictions represent traits that exhibit…

Answer 24

Complete dominance

Question 25

Dihybrid Cross:

Key each gamete must have…

Answer 25

Cross that follows 2 characteristics

1 allele for each trait

Question 26

Principle of independent assortment…

Answer 26

Applies when the traits are found on different homologous pairs of chromosomes