Photosynthesis

Question 1

light dependent reactions occur in

Answer 1

thylakoid

Question 2

carbon fixation reactions occur in

Answer 2

semi-liquid space in chloroplasts

Question 3

photosynthesis in

Answer 3

6 CO2 and 12 H2O

Question 4

photosynthesis out

Answer 4

sugar (glucose), 6 H2O, and 6O2

Question 5

light dependent reactions make

Answer 5

ATP and reduce NADP plus to NADPH

Question 6

carbon fixation reactions use

Answer 6

ATP and NADPH to synthesize organic molecules from CO2

Question 7

thylakoid membrane

Answer 7

internal membrane arranged in flattened sacs

Question 8

grana

Answer 8

stacks of thylakoid membranes

Question 9

stroma

Answer 9

semiliquid substances surrounding thylakoid membrane

Question 10

stroma are

Answer 10

pores under leaves that have guard cells that open to let CO2 in and O2 out

Question 11

vascular bundles

Answer 11

method for transporting water and nutrients

Question 12

primary photosynthetic pigment

Answer 12

chlorophyll A

Question 13

chlorophyll A

Answer 13

absorbs violet-blue and red lights

Question 14

chlorophyll B

Answer 14

increases range of light wavelengths that can be used in photosynthesis

Question 15

carotenoids

Answer 15

act as antioxidants or photoreceptors

Question 16

4 stages of light dependent reactions

Answer 16

1. primary photo event
2. charge separation
3. electron transport
4. chemosis

Question 17

primary photo event

Answer 17

a photon of light is captured by a pigment molecule

Question 18

charge separation

Answer 18

an excited electron is transferred to an acceptor molecule

Question 19

electron transport

Answer 19

electrons move through carriers to reduce NADP plus

Question 20

chemosis

Answer 20

produce ATP

Question 21

light dependent reactions start with

Answer 21

sun and water

Question 22

light dependent reactions end with

Answer 22

NADPH (electron carrier) and ATP

Question 23

in chloroplasts, 2 linked photosystems are used in

Answer 23

non-cyclic photophosphorylation

Question 24

photosystem 1

Answer 24

reaction center pigment with a peak absorption at 700 nm

Question 25

photosystem 2

Answer 25

reaction center with a peak absorption at 680 nm

Question 26

photosystem 2 acts first and is a

Answer 26

light capturing enzyme complex that contains chlorophyll pigments

Question 27

photosystem 2 uses

Answer 27

electrons from the splitting of water

Question 28

photosystem 1 receives energy from

Answer 28

an antenna complex

Question 29

in photosystem 1

Answer 29

excited electrons are transferred to a membrane-bound electron carrier to be used to reduce NADP to NADPH

Question 30

ATP is produced via

Answer 30

chemiosmosis

Question 31

in chemiosmosis

Answer 31

protons move into the stroma only through ATP synthase and use the hydrogen ion gradient to move from inside the thylakoid out to the stroma

Question 32

when plant is undergoing non cyclic photophosphorylation,

Answer 32

it is producing equal amounts of NAD and ATP

Question 33

cyclic photophosphorylation is to produce

Answer 33

sugar

Question 34

to produce sugar using cyclic photophosphorylation

Answer 34

it needs more ATP then NADPH

Question 35

to build carbs using carbon fixation reactions, cells need

Answer 35

- energy (ATP from light dependent reactions) - reduction potential (NADPH from photosystem 1)

Question 36

calvin cycle substrate

Answer 36

NAD, ATP, CO2

Question 37

Calvin cycle

Answer 37

biochemical pathway that allows for carbon fixation

Question 38

calvin cycle occurs

Answer 38

in the stroma

Question 39

calvin cycle energy sources

Answer 39

ATP and NADPH

Question 40

carbon fixation

Answer 40

the incorporation of CO2 into organic molecules

Question 41

carbon fixation in calvin cycle

Answer 41

RuBP and CO2 into 2 PGA

Question 42

reduction in calvin cycle

Answer 42

RGA reduced to G3P

Question 43

regeneration of RuBP in calvin cycle

Answer 43

G3P used to regenerate RuBP

Question 44

calvin cycle reaction is catalyzed by

Answer 44

rubisco

Question 45

each molecule of PGA requires

Answer 45

1 ATP and 1 NADPH

Question 46

calvin cycle end product

Answer 46

- 12 molecules G3P

Question 47

with 12 molecules of G3P

Answer 47

- 2 used for sugar - 10 recycled to regenerate RuBP

Question 48

to make sugar you need

Answer 48

- 18 ATP molecules - 12 NADPH molecules

Question 49

rubisco enzymatic activities

Answer 49

- carboxylation - photorespiration

Question 50

carboxylation

Answer 50

addition of CO2 to RuBP

Question 51

photorespiration

Answer 51

oxidation of RuBP by the addition of CO2