Enzymes

Question 1

oxidation

Answer 1

loss of electrons
- when ATP break off phosphate it becomes ADP

Question 2

reduction

Answer 2

gain of electrons

Question 3

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 3

used to transfer electrons and energy

Question 4

ATP structure

Answer 4

• ribose, a 5-carbon sugar
• adenine (nucleic acid)
• 3 phosphates (the high energy bonds)

Question 5

activation energy

Answer 5

extra energy needed to get a reaction started

Question 6

catalysts

Answer 6

substances that lower the activation energy of a reaction
- can be an enzyme or metal (iron, mercury)

Question 7

enzymes

Answer 7

molecules that catalyze reactions in living cells
- lower activation energy

Question 8

most enzymes are

Answer 8

proteins

Question 9

enzymes aren’t

Answer 9

changed or consumed by the reactions

Question 10

enzymes have a specific

Answer 10

substrate

Question 11

optimum environment of an enzyme is influenced by

Answer 11

• temperature
• pH
• salinity
• availability of the substrate

Question 12

competitive inhibition

Answer 12

blocks a portion or entire active site and decreases the rate of activation of that enzyme because it decreases the substrate binding to the enzyme

Question 13

non-competitive inhibition

Answer 13

substrate can’t get in because when the allosteric site binds to inhibitor it changes shape

Question 14

allosteric=

Answer 14

non-active site

Question 15

sequence of enzyme reaction

Answer 15

glucose-> intermediate-> intermediate-> product

Question 16

negative feedback

Answer 16

a downstream molecule acts as an inhibitor for an upstream molecule
- maintains homeostasis

Question 17

molecular machine

Answer 17

provides structure and organization to cells and enables them to carry out complicated processes
- Ex: ATP synthase