Cell structure and function

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

• all living things are composed of 1 or more cells
• cells are the smallest unit of living organisms
• new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division

Question 2

nucleus function

Answer 2

stores the genetic material of the cell in the form of multiple linear chromosomes

Question 3

nucleus is surrounded by

Answer 3

a nuclear envelope composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers

Question 4

ribosome function

Answer 4

site of protein synthesis

Question 5

ribosomes are composed of

Answer 5

ribosomal RNA and proteins

Question 6

rough ER is

Answer 6

membranes that create a network of channels throughout the cytoplasm

Question 7

rough ER function

Answer 7

synthesis of proteins to be secreted, sent to lysosomes or plasma membranes

Question 8

smooth ER function

Answer 8

• synthesis of membrane lipids
• calcium storage
• detox of foreign substances

Question 9

golgi apparatus structure

Answer 9

flattened stacks of interconnected membranes

Question 10

golgi apparatus function

Answer 10

• packaging and distribution of materials to different parts of the cell
• synthesis of cell wall components

Question 11

lysosomes structure

Answer 11

vesicles containing digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules

Question 12

lysosomes function

Answer 12

destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis

Question 13

vacuoles structure

Answer 13

membrane bound

Question 14

vacuole function

Answer 14

depends on type
- central (plant cells)
- contractile (some protists)
- storage vacuole

Question 15

mitochondria structure

Answer 15

contains oxidative metabolism enzymes for transferring the energy within macromolecules to ATP

Question 16

mitochondria have their own

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

chloroplast function

Answer 17

• gather light and produce sugar from inorganic carbon sources
• provides energy for plants to fuel energy pathways

Question 18

thylakoid disk in chloroplast function

Answer 18

gather sunlight

Question 19

stroma function in chloroplasts

Answer 19

where sugar is produced

Question 20

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 20

proposal that eukaryotic organelles evolved through a symbiotic relation (mitochondria and chloroplast evolved this way)

Question 21

cytoskeleton structure

Answer 21

network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells

Question 22

cytoskeleton function

Answer 22

• support shape of the cell
• keeps organelles in fixed locations
• helps move materials within the cell