Cell structure and function Flashcards
cell theory
- all living things are composed of 1 or more cells
- cells are the smallest unit of living organisms
- new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division
nucleus function
stores the genetic material of the cell in the form of multiple linear chromosomes
nucleus is surrounded by
a nuclear envelope composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers
ribosome function
site of protein synthesis
ribosomes are composed of
ribosomal RNA and proteins
rough ER is
membranes that create a network of channels throughout the cytoplasm
rough ER function
synthesis of proteins to be secreted, sent to lysosomes or plasma membranes
smooth ER function
- synthesis of membrane lipids
- calcium storage
- detox of foreign substances
golgi apparatus structure
flattened stacks of interconnected membranes
golgi apparatus function
- packaging and distribution of materials to different parts of the cell
- synthesis of cell wall components
lysosomes structure
vesicles containing digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules
lysosomes function
destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis
vacuoles structure
membrane bound
vacuole function
depends on type
- central (plant cells)
- contractile (some protists)
- storage vacuole
mitochondria structure
contains oxidative metabolism enzymes for transferring the energy within macromolecules to ATP
mitochondria have their own
DNA
chloroplast function
- gather light and produce sugar from inorganic carbon sources
- provides energy for plants to fuel energy pathways
thylakoid disk in chloroplast function
gather sunlight
stroma function in chloroplasts
where sugar is produced
endosymbiosis theory
proposal that eukaryotic organelles evolved through a symbiotic relation (mitochondria and chloroplast evolved this way)
cytoskeleton structure
network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells
cytoskeleton function
- support shape of the cell
- keeps organelles in fixed locations
- helps move materials within the cell
