Macromolecules Flashcards
carbohydrate structure
1:2:1 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
carbohydrate function
energy storage molecules
in a carbohydrate, Carbon and Hydrogen have
a covalent bond that hold much energy
monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, and galactose
disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, and maltose
polysaccharides
starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
nucleic acids are
DNA and RNA
nucleic acid structure
sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
Protein structure
central carbon atom surrounded by
- amino group
- carboxyl group
- single hydrogen
- variable r-group
proteins form peptide bonds between
adjacent amino acids
protein function
- transport mechanisms
- build structures
- breakdown
R-group dictates
- polarity
- how it fits into larger protein
If you split a carbon and hydrogen bond =
energy
shape of protein determines
function
shapes of proteins
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
lipids
group of molecules that are insoluble in water
what causes the molecule to by hydrophobic in lipids
a high proportion of C-H bonds
lipids function
- store energy
- insulate
main categories of lipids
- fats (triglycerides)
- phospholipids
triglycerides composed of
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
saturated fats are
solid at room temp (butter, animal fat)
unsaturated fats are
liquid at room temp (plant oil)
in saturated fats carbon has
4 molecules attached meaning no wiggle room
function of saturated fats
cushion/protect vital organs
