Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is light harvested by in the chloroplast membrane?
pigment molecule which absorb photons
What are flattened sacs of membranes called?
thylakoids
what are stacked thylakoids called?
grana
What are grana joined by?
lamellae
What is the fluid called that is embedded in chloroplasts?
stroma
What is the primary reaction centre made of ?
chlorophyll A
What are 2 accessory pigments?
chlorophyll B
carotenoids
What do accessory pigments form?
light harvesting system - photosystem
Why is there lots of different types of accessory pigments?
to absorb different wave lengths of light
What colours of light does chlorophyll absorb?
red and blue
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
light dependant stage
light indepandant stage
What does Calvin cycle use and produce?
produces glucose
uses NADPH, CO2 and ATP
What does Non cyclic phosphorylation use and produce?
produces ATP and NADPH
uses H2O, energy from sunlight, NADP, ADP
What is photolysis?
water molecules split using the sun
What does cyclic phosphorylation produce?
produces ATP
uses ADP and sunlight energy
Where does light dependant stage take place?
thylakoid membrane
Where does calvin cycle take place?
stroma
What enzyme combines RuBP and CO2?
RuBisCo
What does RuBP+CO2 form?
6C unstable intermediate
What does unstable intermediate split into?
2 GP
What is 2GP converted into?
2 TP
using 2 ATP and 2NADPH
What is TP able to form?
glucose
How many glucose molecules are produced from 6 CO2 molecules?
2
12 TP is formed and 10 regenerate RuBP and 2 form glucose
What 3 steps can the calvin cycle be summarised into?
fixation
reduction
regeneration
How many ATP and NADPH are used per cycle?
3 ATP (one used in regeneration of RuBP)
2 NADPH
What factors affect photosythesis?
-light intensity
-temperature
-CO2 concentration
What happens if light intensity is the limiting factor?
less ATP and NADPH made so higher conc GP as less GP converted to TP and less TP converted to RuBP
What happens if CO2 conc is limited?
RuBp increases, less GP and therefore less TP
What happens if temp increases?
increases rate of photosynthesis as enzyme activity increases e.g increases rate carbon fixation. As have more kinetic energy so more successful collisions and increased rate of reaction
however if they denature RuBisCo won’t work or ATP synthase or any of the other enzymes involved
