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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is light harvested by in the chloroplast membrane?

A

pigment molecule which absorb photons

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2
Q

What are flattened sacs of membranes called?

A

thylakoids

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3
Q

what are stacked thylakoids called?

A

grana

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4
Q

What are grana joined by?

A

lamellae

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5
Q

What is the fluid called that is embedded in chloroplasts?

A

stroma

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6
Q

What is the primary reaction centre made of ?

A

chlorophyll A

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7
Q

What are 2 accessory pigments?

A

chlorophyll B
carotenoids

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8
Q

What do accessory pigments form?

A

light harvesting system - photosystem

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9
Q

Why is there lots of different types of accessory pigments?

A

to absorb different wave lengths of light

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10
Q

What colours of light does chlorophyll absorb?

A

red and blue

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11
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

A

light dependant stage
light indepandant stage

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12
Q

What does Calvin cycle use and produce?

A

produces glucose
uses NADPH, CO2 and ATP

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13
Q

What does Non cyclic phosphorylation use and produce?

A

produces ATP and NADPH
uses H2O, energy from sunlight, NADP, ADP

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14
Q

What is photolysis?

A

water molecules split using the sun

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15
Q

What does cyclic phosphorylation produce?

A

produces ATP
uses ADP and sunlight energy

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16
Q

Where does light dependant stage take place?

A

thylakoid membrane

17
Q

Where does calvin cycle take place?

A

stroma

18
Q

What enzyme combines RuBP and CO2?

A

RuBisCo

19
Q

What does RuBP+CO2 form?

A

6C unstable intermediate

20
Q

What does unstable intermediate split into?

A

2 GP

21
Q

What is 2GP converted into?

A

2 TP
using 2 ATP and 2NADPH

22
Q

What is TP able to form?

A

glucose

23
Q

How many glucose molecules are produced from 6 CO2 molecules?

A

2
12 TP is formed and 10 regenerate RuBP and 2 form glucose

24
Q

What 3 steps can the calvin cycle be summarised into?

A

fixation
reduction
regeneration

25
Q

How many ATP and NADPH are used per cycle?

A

3 ATP (one used in regeneration of RuBP)
2 NADPH

26
Q

What factors affect photosythesis?

A

-light intensity
-temperature
-CO2 concentration

27
Q

What happens if light intensity is the limiting factor?

A

less ATP and NADPH made so higher conc GP as less GP converted to TP and less TP converted to RuBP

28
Q

What happens if CO2 conc is limited?

A

RuBp increases, less GP and therefore less TP

29
Q

What happens if temp increases?

A

increases rate of photosynthesis as enzyme activity increases e.g increases rate carbon fixation. As have more kinetic energy so more successful collisions and increased rate of reaction
however if they denature RuBisCo won’t work or ATP synthase or any of the other enzymes involved

Biology (9 decks)

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