Diseases

Question 1

4 types of pathogens

Answer 1

bacteria, fungi, protoctista, viruses

Question 2

How can you classify bacteria by their cell walls?

Answer 2

Gram staining
There are gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria

Question 3

What is the basic structure of a virus?

Answer 3

genetic material surrounded by protein

Question 4

What are viruses called which attack bacteria?

Answer 4

bacteriophages

Question 5

Which type of pathogen is a saprotroph?

Answer 5

fungi

Question 6

What are the two methods of pathogens damaging tissues?

Answer 6

damaging the host directly- viruses, some protoctista and some fungi
producing toxins which damages the host- bacteria and some fungi

Question 7

What is ring rot caused by?

Answer 7

gram positive bacteria disease in potatoes, tomatoes and aubergines

Question 8

What virus is in plants?

Answer 8

Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 9

What is potato blight caused by?

Answer 9

fungus like protoctist

Question 10

What causes Black sigatoka?

Answer 10

fungus in bananas

Question 11

What causes tuberculosis?

Answer 11

mycobacterium tuberculosis
damages the lung tissue and suppresses the immune system

Question 12

Is TB curable and how do you prevent it?

Answer 12

yes it is curable by antibiotics
preventable by improving living standards and vaccinations

Question 13

where is the bacterial infection in meningitis?

Answer 13

meninges of the brain

Question 14

Is meningitis curable and how do you prevent it?

Answer 14

Antibiotics will cure it if caught early enough
Vaccines can protect against some forms only

Question 15

What causes AIDS?

Answer 15

HIV - human immunodeficiency virus

Question 16

What cells does HIV attack?

Answer 16

T helper cells

Question 17

What type of virus is HIV?

Answer 17

retrovirus - RNA is its genetic material

Question 18

Where does the virus of flu locate in the body?

Answer 18

ciliated epithelial cells-kills them

Question 19

What is malaria caused by?

Answer 19

Protoctista- Plasmodium

Question 20

What are the two hosts for Plasmodium?

Answer 20

Anopheles mosquitos and humans

Question 21

What is the lifecycle of a Plasmodium?

Answer 21

reproduce inside female mosquitos
Mosquito has to take 2 blood meals before it lays it’s eggs which is when it is passed to humans via the saliva. It invades red blood cells, liver cells and the brain

Question 22

How can you control the vector of malaria?

Answer 22

insecticides, remove standing water, nets, door screens, and long sleeve clothing

Question 23

What is ringworm and athletes foot caused by?

Answer 23

fungus

Question 24

What are the types of direct transmission of pathogens?

Answer 24

direct contact
inoculation
ingestion

Question 25

What are the types of indirect transmission of pathogens?

Answer 25

fomites (inanimate objects) Droplet infection- inhalation vectors

Question 26

What are factors which affect the transmission of communicable diseases in animals?

Answer 26

overcrowding, poor nutrition, compromised immune system, climate change, culture and infrastructure, lack of education

Question 27

What are the methods of transmission of pathogens in plants?

Answer 27

soil contamination, or vectors e.g wind, water, animals