Phonology

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of the distribution of sounds in a language and the interactions between those different sounds

Question 2

Phonotactic constraints

Answer 2

restrictions on possible combinations of sounds

Question 3

Sound substitution

Answer 3

by which sounds that exist in a language speaker knows are used to replace sounds that do not exist in that language when pronouncing the words of a foreign language

Question 4

allophone

Answer 4

one of a set of non contrastive realizations of the same phoneme

Question 5

phoneme

Answer 5

a class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound

Question 6

non contrastive

Answer 6

two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language

Question 7

contrastive

Answer 7

a term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language

Question 8

distribution

Answer 8

the set of phonetic environments in which a sound occurs

Question 9

contrastive distribution

Answer 9

the occurrence of sounds in a language such that their use distinguishes between the meanings of the words in which they appear

Question 10

minimal pair

Answer 10

two words that differ only by a single sounds in the same position and that have different meanings

Question 11

alternation

Answer 11

the difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related

Question 12

complementary distribution

Answer 12

the occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment

Question 13

free variation

Answer 13

term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words

Question 14

overlapping distribution

Answer 14

the occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic enviroment

Question 15

underlying form

Answer 15

the form of a word before phonological rules are applied

Question 16

conditioning environment

Answer 16

neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change

Question 17

natural class

Answer 17

group of sounds in a language that satisfy a given description to the exclusion of other sounds in that language

Question 18

sibilant

Answer 18

a member of the natural class of sounds that are characterized by a high pitched hissing quality

Question 19

labial

Answer 19

sounds produced with the lips

Question 20

obstruent

Answer 20

produced with the obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off

Question 21

sonorants

Answer 21

sounds produced with a relatively open passage of air flow

Question 22

assimilation

Answer 22

sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features

Question 23

palatalization

Answer 23

a process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation

Question 24

vowel harmony

Answer 24

long distance assimilation between vowels

Question 25

dissimilation

Answer 25

two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature