Morphology Flashcards
Affix
bound morpheme that attaches to a stem
affixation
process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes
agglutinating language
a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes.
allomorph
one of a set of nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar
alternation
a difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related
ambiguity
the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form
analytic language
consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes
bound morpheme
morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself
bound root
morpheme that has some associated basic meaning, but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right
closed lexical category
in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time
compounding
word formation process by which words are formed through combined two or more independent words
conjunction
function words and but however etc.
content morpheme
morpheme that carries semantic content
content word
a word who’s primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phase in which it occurs
derivation
a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it
determiner
the name of a lexical and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the a this all
form
the structure or shape of any linguistic item
free morpheme
can stand alone as a word
function morpheme
provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence
function word
has little semantic content and whose primary purpose it to indicate grammatical relationships between other words in a phrase
fusional language
synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem
hierarchical structure
the dominance relationship among morphemes in a word
homophony
two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form
incorporation
morphological process which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language
infix
a type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem
inflection
a morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information such as person, number, tense ,gender
input
the form before the palliation of a rule or a set of rules
lexical category
class of words grouped together based on morphological properties
lexicon
a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological and synthetic properties
morpheme
smallest linguistic unit that has meaning
morphology
the stud of how words are constructed out of morphemes
open lexical category
into which new members are introduced
output
form obtained after an application of rules
partial reduplication
in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated
polysynthetic language
type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicated grammatical language
prefix
affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem
preposition
lexical category and synthetic category: of, in, for, with, etc.
productive
a rule that can be applied in novel situations to produce novel grammatical form
pronoun
I, she, us. etc
reduplicant
morpheme or a part that is reduplicated
reduplication
process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of it
root
the free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to a word
simultaneous affix
affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix; exists only in in visual gestural languages
stem
the base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added
suffix
affix that attaches to the end of a stem
suppletion
a morp. process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other
