File 6

Question 1

sense

Answer 1

expression as some kind of mental representation of its meaning

Question 2

reference

Answer 2

relates the sense of some expression to the outside world

Question 3

lexical semantics

Answer 3

a subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions

Question 4

compositional semantics

Answer 4

studies the meanings of phrasal expressions

Question 5

referents

Answer 5

an actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers

Question 6

mental image

Answer 6

a words sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meanings

Question 7

prototype

Answer 7

a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set

Question 8

hyponymy

Answer 8

a meaning relationship between words , where the reference of some word x is included in the reference of some other word

Question 9

synonymy

Answer 9

relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same

Question 10

antonymy

Answer 10

a meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite

Question 11

gradable

Answer 11

words the are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale

Question 12

complementary

Answer 12

pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word, or neither

Question 13

converses

Answer 13

antonyms in which the first word of the phrase suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word

Question 14

proposition

Answer 14

the sense expressed by a sentence. Can be true of false

Question 15

truth value

Answer 15

either true or false. The reference of a sentence

Question 16

truth conditions

Answer 16

the set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true

Question 17

entailment

Answer 17

a relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well

Question 18

mutual entailment

Answer 18

the relationship between two propositions where they entail one another

Question 19

principle of compositionality

Answer 19

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

Question 20

incompatible

Answer 20

relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously

Question 21

idioms

Answer 21

a multi word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional

Question 22

pure intersection

Answer 22

relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things

Question 23

intersective adjectives

Answer 23

reference is determined independently from the reference of a noun that it modifies

Question 24

relative intersection

Answer 24

adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference

Question 25

subsective adjectives

Answer 25

whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to

Question 26

non-intersection

Answer 26

an adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things

Question 27

anti-intersection adjectives

Answer 27

whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies

Question 28

hyponym

Answer 28

word x is a hyponym of a word y if the set that is the reference of x is always included in the set

Question 29

hypernym

Answer 29

y is said to be the hypernym of x

Question 30

sister terms

Answer 30

words that, in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy