Langauge Acquisition

Question 1

Innate

Answer 1

determined by factors present from birth

Question 2

Innateness hypothesis

Answer 2

humans are generally predisposed to learn an use language

Question 3

Imitation theory

Answer 3

claims that children acquire language b listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear

Question 4

Active Construction of a Grammar Theory

Answer 4

children acquire language by inventing rules of grammar

Question 5

Connectionist Theories

Answer 5

claims that children learn language through neural connections in the brain.

Question 6

Social Interaction theory

Answer 6

theory that claims children acquire language from social interactions

Question 7

linguistic universal

Answer 7

property believed to be held in common by all natural languages

Question 8

universal grammar

Answer 8

theory that posits a st of grammatical characteristics shared by all natural languages

Question 9

High amplitude sucking

Answer 9

experimental technique used to study sound discrimination in infants from birth to six months

Question 10

Conditioned head turn procedure

Answer 10

experimental technique used with infants between five and eighteen months with two phases: conditioning and testing

Question 11

VOT

Answer 11

the length of time between the release of a consonant and the onset time of voicing

Question 12

articulatory gestures

Answer 12

a movement of a speech organ in the production of speech

Question 13

babble

Answer 13

child produces meaningless sequences of consonants and vowels

Question 14

canonical babbling

Answer 14

repeating babbling in infants

Question 15

variegated babbling

Answer 15

production of meaningless consonant- vowel sequences by infants

Question 16

holophrastic stage

Answer 16

in first language acquisition where a child can produce only one word at a time

Question 17

holophrase

Answer 17

a one word sentence

Question 18

complexive concept

Answer 18

a group of items that child refers to with a single word for which it is not possible to single out any one unifying property

Question 19

over extension

Answer 19

a relationship between child and adult perception of word meaning

Question 20

attention getters

Answer 20

word or phrase that used to initiate an address to children

Question 21

attention holders

Answer 21

a tactic used to maintain children’s attention for an extended amount of time

Question 22

infant- directed speech

Answer 22

similar to child directed speech

Question 23

conversational turns

Answer 23

made by one speaker from the time that she takes he floor from another speaker to the time that she passes the floor on to another speaker

Question 24

bilingual

Answer 24

state of commanding two languages

Question 25

second language acquisition

Answer 25

acquisition of a language after becoming an adult

Question 26

language mixing

Answer 26

similar to code switching

Question 27

foreign accent

Answer 27

an accent that is marked by the phonology of another language or other languages that are familiar to the speaker

Question 28

code switching

Answer 28

using words or structural elements from more than one language within the same conversation

Question 29

fossilization

Answer 29

process through which forms from a speaker's non-native language usage become fixed

Question 30

simultaneous bilingualism

Answer 30

both languages acquired from infancy

Question 31

sequential bilingualism

Answer 31

in which the second language is acquired as a young child

Question 32

multi lingual

Answer 32

the state of commanding three or more languages

Question 33

negatives

Answer 33

children go through this stage of speaking in order to produce negative sentences such as no

Question 34

Interrogatives

Answer 34

young children can produce questions only by using a rising intonation, rather than using a particular syntactic structure

Question 35

Plurals

Answer 35

recall that the plural morpheme -s is acquired quite early by children

Question 36

relational term

Answer 36

type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference

Question 37

under extension

Answer 37

application of a word to a smaller set of objects than is appropriate for mature adult speech

Question 38

deictic expression

Answer 38

words referring to personal, temporal, or spatial aspects of an utterance

Question 39

Here and Now

Answer 39

what adults mostly speak to children about

Question 40

identifying sounds

Answer 40

in order to produce spoken language, infants first need to be able to perceive it