Phonetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are ‘Phonetics’?

A

It’s the study of sounds used in speech and the way the sounds are produced

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2
Q

What is a ‘Phoneme’?

A

It’s the smallest, meaningful unit of sound, such as a vowel or a consonant

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3
Q

What are the ‘Phonological Devices’?

A

They are:

  • Assonance
  • Consonance
  • Sibilance
  • Rhyme
  • Onomatopoeia
  • Alliteration
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4
Q

What is ‘Assonance’?

A

Occurs when words share the same vowel sound

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5
Q

What is ‘Consonance’?

A

Occurs when words share the same consonant sound

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6
Q

What is ‘Sibilance’?

A

Occurs when sounds share a / s / sound

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7
Q

What is ‘Rhyme’?

A

Occurs when words end with the same sound

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8
Q

What is ‘Onomatopoeia’?

A

Occurs when a word mimics a sound

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9
Q

What is ‘Alliteration’?

A

Occurs when words start with the same sound

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10
Q

What is ‘Prosody’?

A

The study of rhythm and intonation in speech

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11
Q

What does ‘Prosody’ allow us to do?

A

It allows us to:

  • Deduce the attitude or the emotional state of the speaker
  • Decode intentional implied meanings, (sarcasm) and infer unintentional meanings like sexuality
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12
Q

What are the aspects of ‘Prosody’?

A

Aspects Include:

  • ‘Pitch’ refers to whether the voice is low or high
  • ‘Stress’ refers to the emphasis of specific words or parts of words
  • ‘Intonation’ refers to the rise and fall of pitch in speech
  • ‘Tempo’ refers to the speed of which something is said
  • ‘Volume’ refers to how loudly or quietly something is said
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13
Q

What are ‘Non-Fluency Features’ in Spontaneous Speech?

A

These Include:

  • False Starts
  • Fillers
  • Pauses
  • Voiced Pauses
  • Interruption
  • Overlap
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14
Q

What are ‘False Starts’?

A

A result of a mispronunciation or misspeak

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15
Q

What are ‘Fillers’?

A

Allows speakers to stall while thinking, e.g. “You know”

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16
Q

What are ‘Pauses’?

A

An absence of sound allowing interlocutors to think

17
Q

What are ‘Voiced Pauses’?

A

Allow speakers to stall while thinking, e.g. “um”

18
Q

What are ‘Interruptions’?

A

A speaker hijacks the previous speaker’s turn

19
Q

What is ‘Overlap’?

A

Two speakers speak at the same time

20
Q

What are ‘Connected Speech Processes’?

A

Refers to phonological change that occur during speech

21
Q

What are the aspects of ‘Connected Speech Processes’?

A
  • Assimilation
  • Elision
  • Epenthesis
  • Coalescence
  • Metathesis
  • Consonant Cluster Reduction
  • Nasalisation
22
Q

What is ‘Assimilation’?

A

A sound is influenced by a nearby sound e.g. [hav to] > [haf to]

23
Q

What is ‘Elision’?

A

A sound is deleted

24
Q

What is ‘Epenthesis’?

A

A sound is introduced

25
Q

What is ‘Coalescence’?

A

Two sounds are blended together

26
Q

What is ‘Metathesis’?

A

Sounds change position

27
Q

What is ‘Consonant Cluster Reduction’?

A

Groups of consonants are reduced

28
Q

What is ‘Nasalisation’?

A

Vowels in proximity to nasals take on nasal qualities

29
Q

What is a ‘Monophthong’?

A

A vowel sound that doesn’t change throughout it production. As in, the tongue doesn’t move its position

30
Q

What is a ‘Dipthong’?

A

A vowel sound that does change throughout its production. As in the tongue moves its position

31
Q

What is ‘Accent Levelling’?

A

Accents become more alike and lose distinctive features due to contact with other accents

32
Q

What is ‘Accommodation’?

A

Speakers can change their accent, converging with or diverging from other speakers