Grammar - Part 2 Flashcards
What is ‘Morphology’?
Refers to the structure of words and how they’re formed
What is a ‘Morpheme’?
The smallest and meaningful unit that makes up words
What are the three types of ‘Morphological Change’?
The three types of Morphological Change Include:
- Analogical Extension
- Reanalysis
- Metanalysis
What is ‘Analogical Extension’?
A morpheme is applied to multiple words over time, sometimes resulting in a new grammatical rule
What is ‘Reanalysis’?
Misunderstanding the origins and meanings of morphemes in a word and attributing a new meaning through an associative meaning
What is ‘Metanalysis’?
Also known as rebracketing, the morpheme boundaries in a word change, often as a result of ambiguity or a misinterpretation
What is ‘Contraction’?
A contraction that occurs where a part of a word is omitted; often signalled by an apostrophe
What is ‘Proclitic’?
A contraction that occurs at the beginning of a word, e.g. ‘tis from it is
What is ‘Enclitic’?
A contraction that occurs at the end of a word e.g. isn’t from is not
What are the three types of ‘Grammatical Change’?
The three types of ‘Grammatical Change Include:
- Affixation
- Conversion
- Back-formation
What is ‘Affixation’?
An affix, typically a prefix (beginning) or a suffix (end), is added to an existing word
What is ‘Conversion’?
Also known as zero derivation; a word changes word class (but the morphology doesn’t change)
What is ‘Back-Formation’?
A word changes word class when an affix is dropped
What are ‘Bound Morphemes’?
Cannot be used independently
What are ‘Free Morphemes’?
Can be used independently
