Grammar - Part 1 Flashcards
What is ‘Grammar’?
Refers to the system of rules that govern a language
What is ‘Syntax’?
Refers to the system of rules that govern sentence structure (Word order)
What are the four types of Sentence Functions?
The four Sentence Functions Include:
- Declarative
- Imperative
- Interrogative
- Exclamatory
What is a ‘Declarative Sentence’?
A statement; used to covey info
What is a ‘Imperative Sentence’?
A command; used to give orders
What is an ‘Interrogative Sentence’?
A question; used to retrieve info
What is an ‘Exclamatory Sentence’?
An exclamation; used to convey emotion
What are the three aspects of Sentence Structure?
Aspects of Sentence Structure Include:
- Subject
- Verb
- Object
What is a ‘Subject’?
Something that is being or doing something
What is a ‘Verb’?
Describes an action or state of something
What is an ‘Object’?
Something that is being acted upon
What are the two Voices?
The two Voices Include:
- Active
- Passive
What is meant by ‘Active Voice’?
The subject of the sentence is conveyed as the performer of the action
What is meant by ‘Passive Voice’?
The subject of the sentence is conveyed as the object that is being acted upon
What are the five different types of ‘Clauses’?
The five types of ‘Clauses’ Include:
- Main
- Subordinate
- Relative
- Noun
- Adverbial
What is a ‘Main Clause’?
A set of words that can stand alone in a sentence
What is a ‘Subordinate Clause’?
A set of words that adds additional info and cannot stand alone because it’s not a complete sentence
What is a ‘Relative Clause’?
A set of words that adds additional info about the noun and cannot stand alone
What is a ‘Noun Clause’?
A set of words that behave like a noun in a sentence but cannot stand alone
What is an ‘Adverbial Clause’?
A set of words that behave like an adverb in a sentence but cannot stand alone
What are the different Word Classes?
The nine Word Classes Include:
- Noun
- Adjective
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Determiner
- Pronoun
- Adverb
- Verb
- Open and Closed Classes
What is a ‘Noun’?
A thing, place, person, event, etc
What is an ‘Adjective’?
A description of a modification of a noun
What is a ‘Preposition’?
Conveys location or relationship of noun/pronoun in relation to the rest of the clause
What is a ‘Conjunction’?
Connects sentences and clauses together
What is a ‘Determiner’?
Clarifies or explains or presents a noun
What is a ‘Pronoun’?
A substitute for a noun
What is an ‘Adverb’?
A description of a modification of a verb, adjective, etc
What is a ‘Verb’?
An action or state; a word that conveys “doing” something
What are ‘Open and Closed Classes’?
Open Class, like nouns and adjectives, is expanding all the time. Closed Class, like pronouns and prepositions, rarely accepts new words
What are examples of ‘Modal Auxiliaries’?
‘Modal Auxiliaries’ Include:
- Can
- Could
- Will
- Would
- Should
- Shall
- May
- Might
- Must
What is an ‘Epistemic Modality’?
Expresses possibility, opinion, or certainty/uncertainty
What is a ‘Deontic Modality’?
Expresses commands and permission
What are the three different ‘Tenses’?
The three Tenses Include:
- Past
- Present
- Future
What is meant by ‘Past Tense’?
Specifies that an action or event happened before the moment that communication took place
What is meant by ‘Present Tense’?
Specifies that an action or event is taking place at that current moment
What is meant by ‘Future Tense’?
Specifies that action or event will be taking place at some point after the current moment
What are the three types of ‘Aspect’?
The three different types of Aspect Include:
- Simple
- Progressive
- Perfect
What is a ‘Simple Aspect’?
Used to convey habitual actions and facts
What is a ‘Progressive Aspect’?
Used to convey ongoing actions lasting a limited period of time
What is a ‘Perfect Aspect’?
Used to convey actions that have finished but may be added to
