Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Phobias > Flashcards

Phobias Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

stress

A

a state of psychological and physiological arousal produced by internal or external stressors that are perceived by individuals as a challenge or exceeding their ability to cope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anxiety

A

a state of physiological arousal associated with feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness that something is wrong or unpleasant is about to happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anxiety disorder

A

a group of mental disorders that are characterised by chronic feelings of anxiety, distress, nervousness and apprehension about the future with a negative effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(specific) phobia

A

characterised by an excessive or unreasonable fear of a particular object or situation

  • out of proportion
  • produce a desire to avoid the stimulus
  • thoughts alone can lead to a phobic reaction
  • diagnosable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

specific phobias

A
  • animals
  • situational
  • natural environments
  • blood/injection/injury
  • other phobias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

panic attacks

A

a period of sudden onset of intense fear or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anticipatory anxiety

A

a gradual rise in anxiety level as a person anticipates being exposed to a phobic stimulus in the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GABA dysfunction

A
  • precipitating
  • without GABA, activation of the postsynaptic neuron might get out of control
  • might cause anxiety and FFF responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the role of the stress response

A
  • precipitating
  • the perceived stressor, whether dangerous or not, elicits the FFF response
  • the response can become associated with the phobic stimulus through CC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

long-term potentiation (bio factors of phobia)

A

-plays an important role in learning and memory of fear by strengthening synaptic connections in the neural pathway formed during the learning process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

classical conditioning (psych factors of phobia)

A

precipitating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

operant conditioning (psych factors of phobia)

A
  • perpetuating
  • after acquisition through CC, a person may avoid the phobic stimulus
  • leads to negative reinforcement (–)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cognitive models (perpetuating)

A

emphasise how and why people with a phobia have an unreasonable and excessive fear of a phobic stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cognitive bias

A

a tendency to think in a way that involves errors of judgement and faulty decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

memory bias

A

the distorting of influences of present knowledge, beliefs and feelings as the recollection of previous experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

selective memory

A

the tendency for memory recall of a phobic stimulus to be better for negative or threatening information than positive or neutral information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

catastrophic thinking

A

overestimating, exaggerating or magnifying an object or situation and predicting the worst possible outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

specific environmental triggers

A
  • precipitating

- specific objects or situations in the environment that triggers an extreme response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stigma around seeking treatment

A
  • perpetuating

- sufferers of phobias are likely to suffer from stigma and avoid telling other of their fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

benzodiazepines

A

a group of drugs that work on the central nervous system, acting on GABA receptors in the brain to increase its inhibitory effects and make post-synaptic neurons resistant to excitation
-sedatives, mild tranquilisers and depressants

21
Q

relaxation techniques

A

-over-breathing can lead to a lack of carbon dioxide, leading to dizziness, blurred vision, pins and needles

22
Q

breathing techniques

A

an anxiety-management technique that involves teaching correct breathing habits

  • promotes relaxation
  • inhibits FFF
  • restores carbon dioxide levels in the blood
23
Q

exercise

A
  • provides a sense of distraction from fear
  • uses up stress hormones
  • increases tolerance to some fear and anxiety symptoms
24
Q

Cognitive behaviour therapy (phobia)

A

aims to change faulty thoughts and behaviours that perpetuate the phobia

25
Q

cognitive (phobia, CBT)

A

identify fear and anxiety-related thoughts to recognise unhelpful ways of thinking

26
Q

behavioural (phobia, CBT)

A

recognise unhelpful behaviours and promote positive behaviour therapies

27
Q

systematic desensitisation

A

a kind of behaviour therapy that aims to replace an anxiety response with a relaxation response when an individual encounters a phobic stimulus
-applies classical conditioning in unlearning the connection between anxiety and phobic stimulus

28
Q

systematic desensitisation process

A
  • learning a relaxation technique
  • developing a fear hierarchy
  • systematic, graduated pairings
29
Q

psychoeducation

A

the provision and explanation of information about a mental disorder to increase knowledge and understanding of their disorder and its treatment

30
Q

psychoeducation process

A
  • challenging unrealistic thoughts

- not encouraging avoidance behaviours

31
Q

resilience qualities

A
  • the ability to achieve positive results in adverse situations
  • the ability to function competently in situations of acute or chronic stress
  • the ability to recover from trauma
32
Q

adequate diet

A

balanced diet reduces the risk of physical health problems as well as improve sleep, energy levels, mood and mental health

33
Q

cognitive behavioural strategies (maintenance of mental health)

A
  • drawn from CBT

- cognitive reconstructing

34
Q

cognitive reconstructing

A

aims at replacing dysfunctional thoughts with more functional ones

35
Q

social support

A

the assistance, care or empathy provided by other people

36
Q

appraisal support

A

help from another person that improves someone’s understanding of their mental health problem

37
Q

tangible assistance

A

the provision of material support such as services, financial assistance or goods

38
Q

informational support

A

provided by other people regarding how to cope with a mental health problem, symptoms or contributing factors

39
Q

emotional support

A

through expressions of empathy and by reassuring that a person is cared for

40
Q

transtheoretical model of behaviour change

A

a stage-based model that describes how people intentionally change their behaviour to achieve a health-related goal

41
Q

pre-contemplation stage

A
  • people in this stage are not ready to change and have no intention of taking any initiative
  • lack of motivation
42
Q

contemplation stage

A
  • people in this stage are thinking about the possibility of changing their behaviour but do not initiate change
  • may consider beginning to make change
43
Q

preparation stage

A
  • generally involves mental preparation for the desired behaviour change by formulating an action plan for change
  • high motivation
  • commitment for change
44
Q

action stage

A
  • overt attempts to change or abandon the problem behaviour
  • relapse is common (spiral model)
  • progression is likely to occur when a person hits a high level of evidence in improvement
45
Q

relapse

A

a full-blown return to the original problem behaviour

46
Q

maintenance stage

A
  • reached when people have successfully sustained the changed their behaviour over a relatively long period of time without relapse
  • termination is reached when it is believed that the behaviour will never return
47
Q

strengths of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change

A
  • relevant for simple and complex behaviour
  • emphasises that behaviour change is a process that happens over time
  • takes account for individual differences
48
Q

limitations of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change

A
  • has not been through research on the variables which influence stage transitions
  • lack of research to justify or validate the relevance of time frames in stages
  • role of individual’s decision making may be overstated

Psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions